Flexibility Potentials and User Behavior Analysis (FlexBeAn)

In the transition towards a low-carbon energy system in Luxembourg, the role of consumers is becoming increasingly central. While renewable energy is expected to grow from 16.5% in 2022 to 37.3% by 2030, this shift introduces new challenges. The variability of renewable generation, combined with rising electricity demand from electric vehicles and heat pumps, raises a key question: how can grid stability and reliable supply be maintained? Addressing this challenge requires more than infrastructure expansion. It demands a shift in consumption behaviour. By adjusting electricity use to align with periods of high renewable generation, consumers can actively support a more efficient and resilient energy system. The FlexBeAn project was developed in response to this need. Conducted between May 2022 and December 2025 by Creos, the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), and SnT, the project aimed to assess the demand-side flexibility potential in Luxembourg and understand how it can be effectively mobilised. FlexBeAn combines three core perspectives. The technical dimension evaluates how much flexibility different consumer groups can realistically provide and when. The behavioural dimension examines household motivations, energy literacy, and willingness to adapt consumption. The economic dimension explores how financial incentives and market mechanisms can activate this flexibility and support grid operations. The project demonstrates that consumers across all sectors can play a decisive role in the energy transition. In particular, decentralised technologies such as batteries, smart EV charging, and heat pumps represent significant flexibility potential. However, unlocking this potential depends on effective incentives and a strong understanding of behavioural drivers. FlexBeAn shows that a successful energy transition relies not only on technology, but on empowering consumers to become active participants in a flexible and sustainable energy system.