The paper The effect of trademark breadth on IPO valuation and post-IPO performance: an empirical investigation of 1,510 European IPOs (Christian Fisch with Michele Meoli, Silvio Vismara, and Jörn Block) was published in Journal of Business Venturing, one of the premier journals in the field of entrepreneurship.
Abstract: Trademarks differ in breadth and can cover a wide range of categories of goods and services. We draw on real options theory and argue that greater trademark breadth constitutes a valuable real option that is associated with higher firm valuation and performance. We analyze a sample of 1510 firms that went public in Europe between 2002 and 2015 and find a positive effect of trademark breadth on initial public offering (IPO) valuation and post-IPO performance. We implement a contingency analysis to contrast real options and signaling theory and find stronger support for the real options perspective.
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883902622000490