{"id":437,"date":"2021-12-10T14:20:01","date_gmt":"2021-12-10T14:20:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/website.prod.unilu.spikeseed.cloud\/snt-fr\/news\/ensuring-data-protection-with-artificial-intelligence\/"},"modified":"2021-12-10T14:20:01","modified_gmt":"2021-12-10T14:20:01","slug":"ensuring-data-protection-with-artificial-intelligence","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/snt-fr\/news\/ensuring-data-protection-with-artificial-intelligence\/","title":{"rendered":"Ensuring Data Protection with Artificial Intelligence"},"content":{"rendered":"

Data protection regulations are a cornerstone of our highly digitised society. With the vast amount of customer data being gathered by companies \u2013 likely\u00a0more than ever before\u00a0– data protection policies have become necessary to protect our fundamental right to privacy. It\u2019s for this reason that in 2016, the European Union formalised all requirements in terms of data protection under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which quickly became the gold standard. Every organisation, no matter where it\u2019s located, handling the personal data of European citizens must comply with GDPR. Any instance of non-compliance can be severely punished, with fines in the order of millions of euros.<\/p>\n

\nThe Challenge<\/h3>\n

Due to their nature and sensitivity, data protection policies need to be adapted \u2013 to a very high level of detail \u2013 in each individual case. However, being written in natural language, they often reflect some of its problems, such as ambiguity, incompleteness, and inconsistency. Checking policy compliance is a complex, time-consuming, and labour-intensive task, in which even the tiniest mistake can have far-reaching consequences. In fact, companies worldwide have been struggling with GDPR compliance, and there is an important need for cost-effective methods that can help them manage it more efficiently.<\/p>

Artificial intelligence can assist users with checking the compliance of data protection policies to the highest level of precision, saving time and money. This is the goal of the partnership between SnT and global law firm Linklaters.\u00a0\u201cOur firm entered this partnership because of SnT\u2019s experience in AI in relation to natural language processing. We wanted to explore the possibilities to build concrete client-focused products, which would accelerate answers to clients, and at the same time be more cost-effective for them,\u201d said\u00a0Katrien Baetens, managing associate of the Dispute Resolution practice\u00a0at Linklaters.<\/p>

Over the last few years, several AI solutions in this sense have been developed. But most of the existing tools are based on what could essentially be called keyword search; they scan text for specific keywords that are often used to express certain GDPR requirements in legal documents rather than trying to interpret its meaning. Unlike AI which provides the means to capture different formulations of the same text, keywords are limited to a finite list and will always be lacking.<\/p>\n

\nArtificial intelligence at the service of GDPR compliance<\/h3>\n

With the support of the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR), researchers from the\u00a0Software Verification and Validation\u00a0(SVV)<\/a>\u00a0research group at SnT have been working with Linklaters on the project entitled \u201cArtificial Intelligence-enabled Automation for GDPR Compliance\u201d (ARTAGO), an industry-driven project to develop AI-based solutions for checking the completeness of data protection policies according to the provisions of the GDPR. In fact, completeness checking is an essential prerequisite for compliance checking \u2013 but when executed manually, it is both a time-consuming and error-prone process.<\/p>

Under the supervision of\u00a0Prof. Lionel Briand<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 head of the SVV\u00a0group, the ARTAGO project is led by\u00a0Dr. Sallam Abualhaija<\/a>. Significant progress in ARTAGO was achieved through contributions of team members\u00a0Orlando Amaral Cejas<\/a>, Angelo Rizzi<\/a>, and\u00a0Dr. Muhammed Ilyas Azeem<\/a>, and\u00a0former SnT colleagues, namely Dr. Damiano Torre<\/a> and Prof. Mehrdad Sabetzadeh<\/a>. In addition, a team from Linklaters contributed their legal expertise, namely\u00a0Katrien Baetens<\/a>,\u00a0Sylvie Forastier<\/a>,\u00a0Peter Goes<\/a>, Yuri Auffinger<\/a> and\u00a0Catherin Freichel<\/a>.\u00a0The team have just recently unveiled a significant milestone of their project: CompAI, a tool for AI-assisted completeness checking of privacy policies according to the GDPR. CompAI is based on the research work that has recently been accepted in the IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE) journal, and it relies on a combination of advanced natural language processing and supervised machine learning. The tool parses the content of a given privacy policy, and analyses and categorises its content into different information types. Then, based on a list of user inputs to a set of questions, CompAI verifies the policy\u2019s content against 23 criteria related to GDPR requirements, which list what the privacy policy must explicitly cover. The tool, which supports the analysis of documents in .doc, .docx and PDF format, produces a report listing the criteria that were satisfied, those which were violated, and the sections that need to be corrected, with a precision of 92.9%.<\/p>

Differently from keyword-based tools, CompAI can represent \u2013 up to a certain degree \u2013 the actual meaning of sentences. \u201cThe solution we developed uses artificial intelligence and, in particular, a combination of natural language processing and machine learning. This means that we don\u2019t represent words as textual entities, but use word embeddings. These are mathematical vectors that are generated with deep learning to represent syntactical and semantical characteristics of the sentence. This process provides the tool with a certain \u2018understanding\u2019 of the text,\u201d says Dr. Sallam Abualhaija,\u00a0research scientist\u00a0at SnT.<\/p>

The tool is just the first result of the partnership taking place under the ARTAGO umbrella.\u00a0\u201cSnT has a wealth of experience in AI, including NLP-driven solutions.\u00a0Our\u00a0collaboration\u00a0saw SnT provide its experience, while Linklaters provides its legal knowledge in the interpretation of the relevant legal texts.\u00a0Thanks to\u00a0this joint effort the first products are taking shape,\u201d said Sylvie Forastier,\u00a0Innovation & Information Management Specialist\u00a0at Linklaters.<\/p>\n

\nFrom privacy policies to data processing agreements and beyond<\/h3>\n

\u201cEvery organisation, EU-based or not, has to comply with GDPR\u00a0\u2013 lest be fined\u00a0up to\u00a0\u20ac\u00a020\u00a0million. Instead of having our lawyers spend their valuable time reviewing hundreds of legal documents, we reached out to SnT.\u00a0Our partnership with the research centre paves the way for the development of effective AI-enabled automation for checking compliance,\u201d said\u00a0Patrick Geortay, managing partner, Linklaters LLP Luxembourg. \u201cWe are proud to be at the forefront of research together with SnT, and take a\u00a0step towards\u00a0integrating AI in the future of legal practice,\u201d he added.<\/p>

In fact, the partnership between the law firm and SnT covers many use cases of GDPR compliance. After CompAI, the researchers are now looking into other legal artifacts, covering different scenarios under the umbrella of GDPR. What\u2019s more, the technology and the method being developed at SnT could in the future also be applied to different provisions and legal artifacts.<\/p>

\u201cWe are now working on data processing agreements, which represent the next stage of our project,\u201d said Abualhajia. \u201cIt is inspiring to be working on solutions that will one day help to protect the privacy of millions of users,\u201d she added.<\/p><\/div><\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Data protection regulations are a cornerstone of our highly digitised society. With the vast amount of customer data being gathered by companies \u2013 likely\u00a0more than ever before\u00a0– data protection policies have become necessary to protect our fundamental right to privacy. It\u2019s for this reason that in 2016, the European Union formalised all requirements in terms of data protection under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which quickly became the gold standard. Every organisation, no matter where it\u2019s located, handling the personal data of European citizens must comply with GDPR. Any instance of non-compliance can be severely punished, with fines in the order of millions of euros.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":438,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"featured_image_focal_point":[],"show_featured_caption":false,"ulux_newsletter_groups":"","uluxPostTitle":"","uluxPrePostTitle":"","_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false},"news-category":[3],"news-topic":[],"organisation":[183],"authorship":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEnsuring Data Protection with Artificial Intelligence - SnT actualit\u00e9s I Universit\u00e9 du Luxembourg<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Data protection regulations are a cornerstone of our highly digitised society. 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