{"id":12321,"date":"2025-02-27T12:25:08","date_gmt":"2025-02-27T11:25:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/research-en\/?post_type=research-projects&#038;p=12321"},"modified":"2026-02-02T11:06:10","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T10:06:10","slug":"protex","status":"publish","type":"research-projects","link":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/research-en\/research-projects\/protex\/","title":{"rendered":"PROTect against EXploitation: exploitative offences versus legitimate work in a digitalised labour market (PROTEX)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"section py-0 static\"><div class=\"section py-0 section wp-block-unilux-blocks-navigation-and-hero py-0\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper container xl:max-w-screen-xl\"><div class=\"js-secondary-nav--sticky wp-block-unilux-blocks-secondary-navigation\" id=\"31b703ec-016c-46da-8141-0754eeaa1e23\">\n    <nav\n        id=\"secondary-navigation\"\n        role=\"navigation\"\n        aria-label=\"Secondary menu\"\n        class=\"secondary-nav\"\n    >\n        <button\n            class=\"secondary-nav__button btn btn-solid--primary w-full\"\n            aria-expanded=\"false\"\n            aria-controls=\"secondary-navigation__list\"\n            title=\"The selected page is Overview\"\n            type=\"button\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"btn__name mr-auto\">Overview<\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n                <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\" \/>\n            <\/svg>\n        <\/button>\n\n        <ul id=\"secondary-navigation__list\" class=\"secondary-nav__list\">\n            <li class=\"secondary-nav__item\">\n    <a\n        href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/research-en\/research-projects\/protex\/\"\n        target=\"\"\n        rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\n        class=\"secondary-nav__link isactived\"\n        aria-current=\"page\"    >\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n        <span class=\"secondary-nav__name\">Overview<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"secondary-nav__item\">\n    <a\n        href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/research-en\/research-projects\/protex\/research\/\"\n        target=\"\"\n        rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\n        class=\"secondary-nav__link \"\n            >\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n        <span class=\"secondary-nav__name\">Research<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n    <\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper max-w-screen-3xl mx-auto section py-0\">\n<section class=\"section no-padding-y wp-block-unilux-blocks-hero\">\n    <div class=\"hero hero--2 hero--overlay-top hero--overlay-bottom\">\n        \n<header class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper hero__header\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper hero__container\">\n<span class=\"hero__title__subject wp-block-unilux-blocks-plain-text\"><\/span>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"protect-against-exploitation-exploitative-offences-versus-legitimate-work-in-a-digitalised-labour-market\"\n    >\nPROTect against EXploitation: exploitative offences versus legitimate work in a digitalised labour market<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image hero__visual object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/format-carre.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/format-carre-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/format-carre-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/format-carre-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/format-carre-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/format-carre.jpg 1300w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 0.00% 48.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 0.00% 48.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure>\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper hero__body\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper hero__container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-plain-text\">PROTEX aims to create an updated legal definition of exploitation in the digital age. It examines how exploitation is interpreted in law and how it is experienced by workers. The goal is to help identify victims of exploitation offences and human trafficking and protect workers&#8217; rights.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-custom-buttons btn-list\"><li class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-custom-button\"    aria-disabled=\"false\"\n    >\n    <a\n        role=\"link\"\n        aria-disabled=\"false\"\n                    href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/research-en\/research-projects\/protex\/research\/\"\n                target=\"_self\"\n        class=\"btn btn--primary\"\n            >Research<\/a>\n<\/li>\n\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-custom-button\"    aria-disabled=\"false\"\n    >\n    <a\n        role=\"link\"\n        aria-disabled=\"false\"\n                    href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2025\/02\/PROTEX-Concept-Paper.pdf\"\n                target=\"_blank\"\n        class=\"btn btn--secondary\"\n            >Concept paper<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"py-0 wp-block-unilux-blocks-free-section section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\"><div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-spacer is-spacer-size-sm\"><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"the-project-at-a-glance\"\n    >\n<br>The project at a glance<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"icon-info-wrapper\">\n    <ul class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-info\">\n        <li class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-info-item\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper icon-info\">\n<div class=\"icon--primary icon--secondary-2  wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-picker\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--duration \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--duration\"><\/use><\/svg><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-1-125-rem-font-size\">Start date:<br><strong>01 Feb 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-info-item\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper icon-info\">\n<div class=\"icon--primary icon--secondary-2  wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-picker\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--format \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--format\"><\/use><\/svg><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-1-125-rem-font-size\">Duration in months:<br><strong>36<\/strong><br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-info-item\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper icon-info\">\n<div class=\"icon--primary icon--secondary-2  wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-picker\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--funding \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--funding\"><\/use><\/svg><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-1-125-rem-font-size\">Funding:<br><strong>University of Luxembourg \/ European Commission<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-info-item\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper icon-info\">\n<div class=\"icon--primary icon--secondary-2  wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-picker\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--principal-investigator \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--principal-investigator\"><\/use><\/svg><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-1-125-rem-font-size\">Principal Investigator(s)::<br><strong>Dr. Salom\u00e9 LANNIER<br><br><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-research-project-about  section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\"><div class=\"flex flex-wrap -mx-16\"><div class=\"flex-1 px-16\">\n<h2 class=\"content-card__title has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nAbout<\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"py-0 wp-block-unilux-blocks-free-section section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"news\"\n    >\nNews<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-news-card-group flex flex-wrap -mx-16\"><li class=\" w-full px-16 sm:w-1\/2 lg:w-1\/3 wp-block-unilux-blocks-news-card\">\n    <div class=\"ulux-card card-news bg-theme\">\n        <div class=\"ulux-card__container\">\n            <div class=\"ulux-card__visual\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2026\/02\/02122452\/Screenshot-2026-02-02-at-12.24.30-300x200.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2026\/02\/02122452\/Screenshot-2026-02-02-at-12.24.30-768x513.png 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2026\/02\/02122452\/Screenshot-2026-02-02-at-12.24.30-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2026\/02\/02122452\/Screenshot-2026-02-02-at-12.24.30-1024x684.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2026\/02\/02122452\/Screenshot-2026-02-02-at-12.24.30-1536x1026.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2026\/02\/02122452\/Screenshot-2026-02-02-at-12.24.30-2048x1368.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" alt=\"\" \/>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"ulux-card__body\">\n                <h3 class=\"ulux-card__title break-words\">Appel \u00e0 contributions : Revue p\u00e9nale luxembourgeoise<\/h3>\n                <div class=\"ulux-card__category break-words\">Recherche<\/div>\n                <time class=\"ulux-card__date break-words\"\n                        datetime=\"2026-02-02\">2 February 2026<\/time>\n                <div class=\"ulux-card__topic break-words\">Droit<\/div>\n                <a class=\"ulux-card__link link-text link-absolute\"\n                    href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fdef-fr\/news\/appel-a-contributions-revue-penale-luxembourgeoise\/\"\n                    target=\"\">\n                    <span class=\"link-text__name\">Learn more<\/span>\n                    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right icon--2xs\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>                <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n\n\n<section class=\"py-0 wp-block-unilux-blocks-free-section section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\"><div class=\"py-48 first:pt-0 last:pb-0 wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-list\">\n    \n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"project-team\"\n    >\nProject team<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"flex flex-wrap -mx-16 wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-item-wrapper\">\n    <li class=\"w-full md:w-1\/2 p-16 wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-item-automated\"><div class=\"ulux-card card-people bg-theme\"><div class=\"list-people bg-theme\">\n    <div class=\"list-people__container\">\n        <div class=\"list-people__visual\">\n            <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image\">\n                <!-- Template Image Component: default -->\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-full\" width=\"\" height=\"\" rel=\"\" alt=\"Dr. Salom\u00e9 LANNIER\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwNzM5MDZfX1NhbG9tw6kgTEFOTklFUg==\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwNzM5MDZfX1NhbG9tw6kgTEFOTklFUg==--thumbnail 150w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwNzM5MDZfX1NhbG9tw6kgTEFOTklFUg==--medium 300w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwNzM5MDZfX1NhbG9tw6kgTEFOTklFUg==--medium_large 768w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwNzM5MDZfX1NhbG9tw6kgTEFOTklFUg==--large 1024w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwNzM5MDZfX1NhbG9tw6kgTEFOTklFUg==--1536x1536 1536w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwNzM5MDZfX1NhbG9tw6kgTEFOTklFUg==--2048x2048 2048w\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><!-- end Image Component -->\n            <\/figure>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"list-people__body\">\n            <h3 class=\"list-people__title\">Dr. Salom\u00e9 LANNIER<\/h3>\n            <p class=\"list-people__description\">Postdoctoral researcher<\/p>\n            <div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-simple-cta wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-item-automated\">\n    <a\n        href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fdef-en\/people\/salome-lannier\/\"\n        title=\"Dr. Salom\u00e9 LANNIER\"\n        class=\"link-text link-text--icon list-people__link link-absolute\"\n        target=\"\"\n    >\n        <span class=\"link-text__body\">\n            <span class=\"link-text__name\">Learn more<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"w-full md:w-1\/2 p-16 wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-item-automated\"><div class=\"ulux-card card-people bg-theme\"><div class=\"list-people bg-theme\">\n    <div class=\"list-people__container\">\n        <div class=\"list-people__visual\">\n            <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image\">\n                <!-- Template Image Component: default -->\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-full\" width=\"\" height=\"\" rel=\"\" alt=\"Prof Stanislaw TOSZA\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDMyMTFfX1N0YW5pc2xhdyBUT1NaQQ==\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDMyMTFfX1N0YW5pc2xhdyBUT1NaQQ==--thumbnail 150w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDMyMTFfX1N0YW5pc2xhdyBUT1NaQQ==--medium 300w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDMyMTFfX1N0YW5pc2xhdyBUT1NaQQ==--medium_large 768w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDMyMTFfX1N0YW5pc2xhdyBUT1NaQQ==--large 1024w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDMyMTFfX1N0YW5pc2xhdyBUT1NaQQ==--1536x1536 1536w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDMyMTFfX1N0YW5pc2xhdyBUT1NaQQ==--2048x2048 2048w\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><!-- end Image Component -->\n            <\/figure>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"list-people__body\">\n            <h3 class=\"list-people__title\">Prof Stanislaw TOSZA<\/h3>\n            <p class=\"list-people__description\">Full professor in Law (compliance and law enforcement)<\/p>\n            <div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-simple-cta wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-item-automated\">\n    <a\n        href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fdef-en\/people\/stanislaw-tosza\/\"\n        title=\"Prof Stanislaw TOSZA\"\n        class=\"link-text link-text--icon list-people__link link-absolute\"\n        target=\"\"\n    >\n        <span class=\"link-text__body\">\n            <span class=\"link-text__name\">Learn more<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"w-full md:w-1\/2 p-16 wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-item-automated\"><div class=\"ulux-card card-people bg-theme\"><div class=\"list-people bg-theme\">\n    <div class=\"list-people__container\">\n        <div class=\"list-people__visual\">\n            <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image\">\n                <!-- Template Image Component: default -->\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-full\" width=\"\" height=\"\" rel=\"\" alt=\"Prof Harlan KOFF\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDIxMTVfX0hhcmxhbiBLT0ZG\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDIxMTVfX0hhcmxhbiBLT0ZG--thumbnail 150w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDIxMTVfX0hhcmxhbiBLT0ZG--medium 300w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDIxMTVfX0hhcmxhbiBLT0ZG--medium_large 768w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDIxMTVfX0hhcmxhbiBLT0ZG--large 1024w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDIxMTVfX0hhcmxhbiBLT0ZG--1536x1536 1536w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDIxMTVfX0hhcmxhbiBLT0ZG--2048x2048 2048w\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><!-- end Image Component -->\n            <\/figure>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"list-people__body\">\n            <h3 class=\"list-people__title\">Prof Harlan KOFF<\/h3>\n            <p class=\"list-people__description\">Full professor<\/p>\n            <div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-simple-cta wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-item-automated\">\n    <a\n        href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fhse-en\/people\/harlan-koff\/\"\n        title=\"Prof Harlan KOFF\"\n        class=\"link-text link-text--icon list-people__link link-absolute\"\n        target=\"\"\n    >\n        <span class=\"link-text__body\">\n            <span class=\"link-text__name\">Learn more<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"w-full md:w-1\/2 p-16 wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-list-item\">\n    <div class=\"list-people bg-theme wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-item\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper list-people__container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper list-people__visual\"><figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image w-full object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"Photo placeholder\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2023\/08\/placeholder_person.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2023\/08\/placeholder_person-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2023\/08\/placeholder_person-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2023\/08\/placeholder_person.jpg 800w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 1\/1; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper list-people__body\">\n<h3 class=\"list-people__title has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"prof-joanne-van-der-leun-leider-university\"\n    >\nProf Joanne VAN DER LEUN (Leider University)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"list-people__description wp-block-unilux-blocks-plain-text\">Full professor<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-simple-cta\">\n    <a\n        href=\"https:\/\/www.universiteitleiden.nl\/en\/staffmembers\/joanne-van-der-leun#tab-1\"\n        title=\"View profile\"\n        class=\"link-text link-text--icon list-people__link link-text link-absolute\"\n        target=\"_blank\"\n    >\n        <span class=\"link-text__body\">\n            <span class=\"link-text__name\">View profile<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--external-link \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--external-link\"><\/use><\/svg>    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"section  wp-block-unilux-blocks-research-project-keywords py-0\">\n    <!-- section : content top-->\n    <div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\">\n        <div class=\"flex flex-wrap -mx-16\">\n            <div class=\"flex-1 px-16\">\n                <h2>\n                    Keywords                <\/h2>\n                <ul>\n                                            <li>\n                            <span class=\"research-project-keywords__text font-medium text-dark\">Exploitation<\/span>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li>\n                            <span class=\"research-project-keywords__text font-medium text-dark\">Digital Labour Market<\/span>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li>\n                            <span class=\"research-project-keywords__text font-medium text-dark\">Human Trafficking<\/span>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li>\n                            <span class=\"research-project-keywords__text font-medium text-dark\">Workers\u2019 Rights<\/span>\n                        <\/li>\n                                            <li>\n                            <span class=\"research-project-keywords__text font-medium text-dark\">Legal Definition<\/span>\n                        <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The project \u201cPROTect against EXploitation: exploitative offences versus legitimate work in a digitalised labour market\u201d will conceptualise an updated legal definition of \u201cexploitation\u201d in rapidly changing work sectors. \u201cExploitation\u201d divides between criminalised and legitimate forms of work, particularly in the offence of human trafficking. Yet, no concise and clear definition of this crucial concept exists. Many victims are still denied State protection as its interpretation mainly depends on law enforcement authorities. These challenges are becoming even more relevant given the evolving work market, especially due to its digitalisation. While labour law is meant to protect employees from exploitation, its scope struggles to extend to new, often digitalised, work situations. Thus, the project aims for an operationalised legal definition of exploitation to guide the identification of victims of exploitation as well as the sustainable protection of all workers\u2019 rights.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":203,"featured_media":12374,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"featured_image_focal_point":[],"show_featured_caption":false,"ulux_newsletter_groups":"","uluxPostTitle":"PROTEX","uluxPrePostTitle":"","_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"rpp_rp_identifier":"13121","rpp_taxonomies_in_sync":true},"research-project-status":[34],"research-project-type":[],"field-of-interest":[44,45,52,56,57],"organisation":[183,138,181,135,263],"authorship":[203,329,85],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.3 (Yoast SEO v22.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PROTect against EXploitation: exploitative offences versus legitimate work in a digitalised labour market (PROTEX) - I Uni.lu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The project \u201cPROTect against EXploitation: exploitative offences versus legitimate work in a digitalised labour market\u201d will conceptualise an updated legal definition of \u201cexploitation\u201d in rapidly changing work sectors. \u201cExploitation\u201d divides between criminalised and legitimate forms of work, particularly in the offence of human trafficking. Yet, no concise and clear definition of this crucial concept exists. Many victims are still denied State protection as its interpretation mainly depends on law enforcement authorities. These challenges are becoming even more relevant given the evolving work market, especially due to its digitalisation. While labour law is meant to protect employees from exploitation, its scope struggles to extend to new, often digitalised, work situations. Thus, the project aims for an operationalised legal definition of exploitation to guide the identification of victims of exploitation as well as the sustainable protection of all workers\u2019 rights.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/research-en\/research-projects\/protex\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PROTect against EXploitation: exploitative offences versus legitimate work in a digitalised labour market (PROTEX)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The project \u201cPROTect against EXploitation: exploitative offences versus legitimate work in a digitalised labour market\u201d will conceptualise an updated legal definition of \u201cexploitation\u201d in rapidly changing work sectors. \u201cExploitation\u201d divides between criminalised and legitimate forms of work, particularly in the offence of human trafficking. Yet, no concise and clear definition of this crucial concept exists. Many victims are still denied State protection as its interpretation mainly depends on law enforcement authorities. These challenges are becoming even more relevant given the evolving work market, especially due to its digitalisation. While labour law is meant to protect employees from exploitation, its scope struggles to extend to new, often digitalised, work situations. 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