{"id":34910,"date":"2025-02-05T13:48:56","date_gmt":"2025-02-05T12:48:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/?post_type=research-projects&#038;p=34910"},"modified":"2026-01-13T14:43:42","modified_gmt":"2026-01-13T13:43:42","slug":"direct2","status":"publish","type":"research-projects","link":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-projects\/direct2\/","title":{"rendered":"DIRECT2"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"section py-0 static\"><div class=\"section py-0 section wp-block-unilux-blocks-navigation-and-hero py-0\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper container xl:max-w-screen-xl\"><div class=\"js-secondary-nav--sticky wp-block-unilux-blocks-secondary-navigation\" id=\"31b703ec-016c-46da-8141-0754eeaa1e23\">\n    <nav\n        id=\"secondary-navigation\"\n        role=\"navigation\"\n        aria-label=\"Secondary menu\"\n        class=\"secondary-nav\"\n    >\n        <button\n            class=\"secondary-nav__button btn btn-solid--primary w-full\"\n            aria-expanded=\"false\"\n            aria-controls=\"secondary-navigation__list\"\n            title=\"The selected page is Overview\"\n            type=\"button\"\n        >\n            <span class=\"btn__name mr-auto\">Overview<\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n                <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\" \/>\n            <\/svg>\n        <\/button>\n\n        <ul id=\"secondary-navigation__list\" class=\"secondary-nav__list\">\n            <li class=\"secondary-nav__item\">\n    <a\n        href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-projects\/direct2\/\"\n        target=\"\"\n        rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\n        class=\"secondary-nav__link \"\n            >\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n        <span class=\"secondary-nav__name\">Overview<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"secondary-nav__item\">\n    <a\n        href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-projects\/direct2\/contact\/\"\n        target=\"\"\n        rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\n        class=\"secondary-nav__link \"\n            >\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n        <span class=\"secondary-nav__name\">Contact<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n    <\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper max-w-screen-3xl mx-auto section py-0\">\n<section class=\"section no-padding-y wp-block-unilux-blocks-hero\">\n    <div class=\"hero hero--2 hero--overlay-top hero--overlay-bottom\">\n        \n<header class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper hero__header\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper hero__container\">\n<span class=\"hero__title__subject wp-block-unilux-blocks-plain-text\"><\/span>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"resolving-obstacles-in-high-pressure-fuel-injector-development-process-digitalization-real-world-physics-modeling-of-pressure-wave-cavitation-and-thermal-hydraulics-direct2\"\n    >\nResolving obstacles in high pressure fuel injector development process digitalization: real-world physics modeling of pressure wave, cavitation, and thermal hydraulics (DIRECT2)<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image hero__visual object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/02\/Pictu2321re4.png\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/02\/Pictu2321re4-165x300.png 165w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/02\/Pictu2321re4.png 545w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 56.00% 54.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 56.00% 54.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure>\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper hero__body\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper hero__container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-plain-text\"><\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-custom-buttons btn-list\">\n\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"py-0 wp-block-unilux-blocks-free-section section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\"><div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-spacer is-spacer-size-sm\"><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"the-project-at-a-glance\"\n    >\n<br>The project at a glance<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"icon-info-wrapper\">\n    <ul class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-info\">\n        <li class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-info-item\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper icon-info\">\n<div class=\"icon--primary icon--secondary-2  wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-picker\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--duration \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--duration\"><\/use><\/svg><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-1-125-rem-font-size\">Start date:<br><strong>01 Dec 2023<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-info-item\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper icon-info\">\n<div class=\"icon--primary icon--secondary-2  wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-picker\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--format \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--format\"><\/use><\/svg><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-1-125-rem-font-size\">Duration in months:<br><strong>24<\/strong><br><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-info-item\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper icon-info\">\n<div class=\"icon--primary icon--secondary-2  wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-picker\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--funding \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--funding\"><\/use><\/svg><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-1-125-rem-font-size\">Funding:<br><strong>FNR, Bridges<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-info-item\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper icon-info\">\n<div class=\"icon--primary icon--secondary-2  wp-block-unilux-blocks-icon-picker\">\n    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--principal-investigator \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--principal-investigator\"><\/use><\/svg><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-1-125-rem-font-size\">Principal Investigator(s)::<br><strong>Prof. Dr. Stephan Leyer, <\/strong><br><strong>Dr. Gavin Dober (Phinia-external)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"about\"\n    >\nAbout<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Direct Fuel Injection (DFI) technology will remain integral to passenger car powertrains for decades. To address decarbonization challenges, biofuels and synthetic fuels are anticipated to gain importance. The performance of fuel injection systems directly influences engine efficiency, noise, emissions, and durability. Fuel injectors involve complex multiphase flow phenomena due to interactions between valve motion, fluid flow, pressure waves, cavitation, degassing, thermal dynamics, and corrosion effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite significant advancements in physics-based modeling of these phenomena, many have not been integrated into commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools or validated for real-world cases. As a result, limited simulation studies address these intricate flow behaviors in high-pressure fuel injectors. This project aims to fill this gap by applying ANSYS Fluent to model high-pressure injector flows, focusing on pressure wave propagation, cavitation, degassing, and thermal effects. The influence of fuel properties, including their role in corrosion, will also be assessed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The approach involves evaluating and adapting suitable models to the injector geometry and integrating them into a comprehensive CFD framework. The methodology will be validated using both literature data and experimental data from PHINIA as well as from experiments performed at the university of Luxembourg, specifically targeting pressure wave dynamics and cavitation erosion. The validated model will support the design of new fuel injectors by enabling performance pre-calculations for prototypes and facilitating the investigation of local flow phenomena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This enhanced simulation capability will provide a deeper understanding of complex flow physics, supporting technological advancements and improving fuel injector performance, contributing to cleaner and more efficient combustion engines in the transition toward sustainable fuels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"organisation-and-partners\"\n    >\nOrganisation and Partners<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"ulux-list\">\n<li class=\"ulux-list-item\">Department of Engineering<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ulux-list-item\">Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ulux-list-item\">Phinia (Industrial partner)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"project-team\"\n    >\nProject team<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"flex flex-wrap -mx-16  wp-block-unilux-blocks-highlighted-person-list\">\n    <div class=\"w-full md:w-1\/2 px-16  wp-block-unilux-blocks-highlighted-person-list-item\">\n    \n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\n<\/h3>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper list-people bg-theme\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper list-people__container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper list-people__visual\"><figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image w-full object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/02\/NTAwMDM2NjJfX1N0ZXBoYW4gTEVZRVI-2048x2048-1.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/02\/NTAwMDM2NjJfX1N0ZXBoYW4gTEVZRVI-2048x2048-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/02\/NTAwMDM2NjJfX1N0ZXBoYW4gTEVZRVI-2048x2048-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/02\/NTAwMDM2NjJfX1N0ZXBoYW4gTEVZRVI-2048x2048-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/02\/NTAwMDM2NjJfX1N0ZXBoYW4gTEVZRVI-2048x2048-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/02\/NTAwMDM2NjJfX1N0ZXBoYW4gTEVZRVI-2048x2048-1.jpg 2048w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 73.00% 51.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 73.00% 51.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 1\/1; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper list-people__body\">\n<h5 class=\"list-people__title has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"prof-stephan-leyer\"\n    >\nProf Stephan LEYER<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"list-people__description wp-block-unilux-blocks-plain-text\">Full professor in Mechanical engineering \u2013 Heat and mass transfer and thermodynamics <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-simple-cta\">\n    <a\n        href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/people\/stephan-leyer\/\"\n        title=\"Learn More\"\n        class=\"link-text link-text--icon link-absolute\"\n        target=\"\"\n    >\n        <span class=\"link-text__body\">\n            <span class=\"link-text__name\">Learn More<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"w-full md:w-1\/2 px-16  wp-block-unilux-blocks-highlighted-person-list-item\">\n    \n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\n<\/h3>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper list-people bg-theme\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper list-people__container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper list-people__visual\"><figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image w-full object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/02\/NTAwNzQ1NzNfX0Rpb255c2lvcyBTVEVGQU5JVFNJUw-2048x2048-1.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/02\/NTAwNzQ1NzNfX0Rpb255c2lvcyBTVEVGQU5JVFNJUw-2048x2048-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/02\/NTAwNzQ1NzNfX0Rpb255c2lvcyBTVEVGQU5JVFNJUw-2048x2048-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/02\/NTAwNzQ1NzNfX0Rpb255c2lvcyBTVEVGQU5JVFNJUw-2048x2048-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/02\/NTAwNzQ1NzNfX0Rpb255c2lvcyBTVEVGQU5JVFNJUw-2048x2048-1-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/02\/NTAwNzQ1NzNfX0Rpb255c2lvcyBTVEVGQU5JVFNJUw-2048x2048-1.jpg 2048w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 43.00% 46.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 43.00% 46.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 1\/1; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper list-people__body\">\n<h5 class=\"list-people__title has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"dr-dionysios-stefanitsis\"\n    >\nDr. Dionysios STEFANITSIS<br><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"list-people__description wp-block-unilux-blocks-plain-text\">Postdoctoral researcher <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-simple-cta\">\n    <a\n        href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/people\/dionysios-stefanitsis\/\"\n        title=\"Learn More\"\n        class=\"link-text link-text--icon link-absolute\"\n        target=\"\"\n    >\n        <span class=\"link-text__body\">\n            <span class=\"link-text__name\">Learn More<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":121,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"featured_image_focal_point":[],"show_featured_caption":false,"ulux_newsletter_groups":"","uluxPostTitle":"DIRECT2","uluxPrePostTitle":"Research 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