{"id":3710,"date":"2023-09-08T15:57:46","date_gmt":"2023-09-08T13:57:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/blog\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/"},"modified":"2025-06-18T11:49:08","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T09:49:08","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"research-groups","link":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"section py-0 static\">\n<section class=\"py-0 wp-block-unilux-blocks-free-section section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\"><!-- SecondaryNavigationMirror --><div class=\"js-secondary-nav--sticky wp-block-unilux-blocks-secondary-navigation\" id=\"9e2916c4-71b2-4190-9a83-43307a664015\">\n    <nav id=\"secondary-navigation\" role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Secondary menu\" class=\"secondary-nav\">\n        <button class=\"secondary-nav__button btn btn-solid--primary w-full\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"secondary-navigation__list\" title=\"The selected page is Overview\" type=\"button\">\n            <span class=\"btn__name mr-auto\">Overview<\/span>\n            <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n                <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-down\" \/>\n            <\/svg>\n        <\/button>\n\n        <ul id=\"secondary-navigation__list\" class=\"secondary-nav__list\">\n            <li class=\"secondary-nav__item\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"secondary-nav__link \">\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n        <span class=\"secondary-nav__name\">Overview<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"secondary-nav__item\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"secondary-nav__link isactived\" aria-current=\"page\">\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n        <span class=\"secondary-nav__name\">Research<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"secondary-nav__item\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/people\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"secondary-nav__link \">\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n        <span class=\"secondary-nav__name\">People<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"secondary-nav__item\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/equipment\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"secondary-nav__link \">\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n        <span class=\"secondary-nav__name\">Our equipment<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"secondary-nav__item\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/join-us\/\" target=\"\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"secondary-nav__link \">\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--xs\">\n            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\" \/>\n        <\/svg>\n        <span class=\"secondary-nav__name\">Join us<\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n    <\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<!-- end SecondaryNavigationMirror --><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-free-section section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\">\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"chalcopyrites-thin-film-solar-cells\"\n    >\nChalcopyrites Thin film solar cells<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>We are focused on the investigation of highly efficient and stable thin film solar cells absorbers, such as chalcopyrites Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and Cu(In,Ga)S2. At the heart of our research lies photoluminescence (PL), a powerful tool that enables us to analyze the electronic structure of semiconductor films and predict their suitability for use in efficient solar cells.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-free-section section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\"><div class=\"content-card content-card--right content-card__overlay--hidden wp-block-unilux-blocks-content-card\">\n    \n<h2 class=\"content-card__heading has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nGrowing and Analysing Thin Films <\/h2>\n<div class=\"content-card__visual wp-block-unilux-blocks-content-card-visual-area\">\n    \n<section class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-image-video-wrapper\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image  object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/LPV_Research_PL_1sM39t3-scaled.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/LPV_Research_PL_1sM39t3-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/LPV_Research_PL_1sM39t3-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/LPV_Research_PL_1sM39t3-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/LPV_Research_PL_1sM39t3-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/LPV_Research_PL_1sM39t3-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/LPV_Research_PL_1sM39t3-scaled.jpg 1707w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 57.00% 47.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 57.00% 47.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 3\/2; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/section>\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper content-card__overlay\">\n<a class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-button-highlight-rounded bottom-left\" \n    href=\"#\"\n    target=\"_self\"\n>\n    \n<span class=\"btn-highlight-rounded__name wp-block-unilux-blocks-plain-text\"><\/span>    <span class=\"icon-rounded\">\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right icon--lg\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>    <\/span>\n<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"content-card__body  wp-block-unilux-blocks-content-card-free-area\">\n    \n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"predicting-understanding-improve\"\n    >\nPredicting &#8211; Understanding &#8211; Improve<\/h3>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>By exciting electrons from the valence band to the conduction band with a laser beam, we can measure the luminescence emitted as they recombine. This allows us to determine the concentration of electrons available in the solar cell.<br>With intensity and spectrally calibrated PL, which allows photon counting, we can determine the internal voltage of the semiconductor, the so-called quasi-Fermi level splitting. Another technique called time-resolved PL having nanosecond resolution, is used to measure how long the light-generated electrons remain in their excited state and are available for the solar cell.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The solar spectrum is not efficiently used in single solar cells as the light with photon energies below the bandgap of the is lost and the light with high energies is not used efficiently, due to thermalisation. By stacking two (or more) solar cells, we can reduce both of these losses: the top solar cell (with a high bandgap) makes more efficient use of the high energy photons and lets the lower energy ones pass to the bottom solar cell (with a lower band gap) that uses more of them than a stand-alone cell. Therefore, sulphide chalcopyrites Cu(In,Ga)S2 which have a high bandgap and CuInSe2, which have a low bandgap are suitable candidates for tandem solar cell device<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We are focused on the investigation of highly efficient and stable thin film solar cells absorbers, such as chalcopyrites Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and Cu(In,Ga)S2. At the heart of our research lies photoluminescence (PL), a powerful tool that enables us to analyze the electronic structure of semiconductor films and predict their suitability for use in efficient solar cells.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":105,"featured_media":3701,"parent":3709,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"featured_image_focal_point":[],"show_featured_caption":false,"ulux_newsletter_groups":"","uluxPostTitle":"Laboratory for Photovoltaics","uluxPrePostTitle":"Research Group","_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false},"field-of-interest":[],"organisation":[],"authorship":[105,103,200,201,426,427],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.3 (Yoast SEO v22.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Research Laboratory for Photovoltaics - Laboratory for Photovoltaics - FSTM research group I University of Luxembourg<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We are focused on the investigation of highly efficient and stable thin film solar cells absorbers, such as chalcopyrites Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and Cu(In,Ga)S2. At the heart of our research lies photoluminescence (PL), a powerful tool that enables us to analyze the electronic structure of semiconductor films and predict their suitability for use in efficient solar cells.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We are focused on the investigation of highly efficient and stable thin film solar cells absorbers, such as chalcopyrites Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and Cu(In,Ga)S2. At the heart of our research lies photoluminescence (PL), a powerful tool that enables us to analyze the electronic structure of semiconductor films and predict their suitability for use in efficient solar cells.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"FSTM EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/fstm.uni.lu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-18T09:49:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/LPV_Overview_Solar_Cell_12nqyvr.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1223\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"825\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/\",\"name\":\"Research Laboratory for Photovoltaics - Laboratory for Photovoltaics - FSTM research group I University of Luxembourg\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/LPV_Overview_Solar_Cell_12nqyvr.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-09-08T13:57:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-18T09:49:08+00:00\",\"description\":\"We are focused on the investigation of highly efficient and stable thin film solar cells absorbers, such as chalcopyrites Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and Cu(In,Ga)S2. At the heart of our research lies photoluminescence (PL), a powerful tool that enables us to analyze the electronic structure of semiconductor films and predict their suitability for use in efficient solar cells.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/LPV_Overview_Solar_Cell_12nqyvr.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/LPV_Overview_Solar_Cell_12nqyvr.jpg\",\"width\":1223,\"height\":825},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Research Groups\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Laboratory for Photovoltaics\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Research\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/\",\"name\":\"FSTM\",\"description\":\"Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine I Uni.lu\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine I University of Luxembourg\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"FSTM - University of Luxembourg I Uni.lu\",\"alternateName\":\"Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/03\/03111650\/FSTM_SM-Profile_1600x1600px-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/03\/03111650\/FSTM_SM-Profile_1600x1600px-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":2560,\"caption\":\"FSTM - University of Luxembourg I Uni.lu\"},\"image\":\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/04\/24144328\/20200609-Belval-Campus_Henri-Goergen-23.jpg\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/fstm.uni.lu\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/showcase\/fstm-uni-lu\"],\"email\":\"communication@uni.lu\",\"telephone\":\"+3524666441\",\"address\":{\"@type\":\"PostalAddress\",\"streetAddress\":\"2, place de l\u2019Universit\u00e9\",\"addressLocality\":\"Esch-sur-Alzette\",\"postalCode\":\"4365\",\"addressCountry\":\"LU\"},\"description\":\"Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine I Uni.lu\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Research Laboratory for Photovoltaics - Laboratory for Photovoltaics - FSTM research group I University of Luxembourg","description":"We are focused on the investigation of highly efficient and stable thin film solar cells absorbers, such as chalcopyrites Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and Cu(In,Ga)S2. At the heart of our research lies photoluminescence (PL), a powerful tool that enables us to analyze the electronic structure of semiconductor films and predict their suitability for use in efficient solar cells.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Research","og_description":"We are focused on the investigation of highly efficient and stable thin film solar cells absorbers, such as chalcopyrites Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and Cu(In,Ga)S2. At the heart of our research lies photoluminescence (PL), a powerful tool that enables us to analyze the electronic structure of semiconductor films and predict their suitability for use in efficient solar cells.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/","og_site_name":"FSTM EN","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/fstm.uni.lu\/","article_modified_time":"2025-06-18T09:49:08+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1223,"height":825,"url":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/LPV_Overview_Solar_Cell_12nqyvr.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/","url":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/","name":"Research Laboratory for Photovoltaics - Laboratory for Photovoltaics - FSTM research group I University of Luxembourg","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/LPV_Overview_Solar_Cell_12nqyvr.jpg","datePublished":"2023-09-08T13:57:46+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-18T09:49:08+00:00","description":"We are focused on the investigation of highly efficient and stable thin film solar cells absorbers, such as chalcopyrites Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and Cu(In,Ga)S2. At the heart of our research lies photoluminescence (PL), a powerful tool that enables us to analyze the electronic structure of semiconductor films and predict their suitability for use in efficient solar cells.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/LPV_Overview_Solar_Cell_12nqyvr.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/09\/LPV_Overview_Solar_Cell_12nqyvr.jpg","width":1223,"height":825},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/research\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine","item":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Research Groups","item":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Laboratory for Photovoltaics","item":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/research-groups\/laboratory-for-photovoltaics\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"Research"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/","name":"FSTM","description":"Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine I Uni.lu","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine I University of Luxembourg","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/#organization","name":"FSTM - University of Luxembourg I Uni.lu","alternateName":"Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine","url":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/03\/03111650\/FSTM_SM-Profile_1600x1600px-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/03\/03111650\/FSTM_SM-Profile_1600x1600px-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":2560,"caption":"FSTM - University of Luxembourg I Uni.lu"},"image":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/04\/24144328\/20200609-Belval-Campus_Henri-Goergen-23.jpg","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/fstm.uni.lu\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/showcase\/fstm-uni-lu"],"email":"communication@uni.lu","telephone":"+3524666441","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"2, place de l\u2019Universit\u00e9","addressLocality":"Esch-sur-Alzette","postalCode":"4365","addressCountry":"LU"},"description":"Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine I Uni.lu"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-groups\/3710"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-groups"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/research-groups"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/105"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-groups\/3710\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39880,"href":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-groups\/3710\/revisions\/39880"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-groups\/3709"}],"wp:authorship":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/105"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/103"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/200"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/201"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/426"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/427"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3701"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3710"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"field-of-interest","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/field-of-interest?post=3710"},{"taxonomy":"organisation","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fstm-en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/organisation?post=3710"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}