{"id":553,"date":"2019-10-03T16:17:42","date_gmt":"2019-10-03T16:17:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/website.prod.unilu.spikeseed.cloud\/fr\/news\/la-divison-de-linternet-reflections-a-la-rentree-academique\/"},"modified":"2019-10-03T16:17:42","modified_gmt":"2019-10-03T16:17:42","slug":"la-divison-de-linternet-reflections-a-la-rentree-academique","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fr\/news\/la-divison-de-linternet-reflections-a-la-rentree-academique\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00ab La divison de l\u2019internet ? \u00bb – R\u00e9flections \u00e0 la Rentr\u00e9e Acad\u00e9mique"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019internet n’est pas une structure monolithique uniforme. Au contraire, il s\u2019agit davantage d’une construction fragile et contingente faite de mat\u00e9riels, de logiciels, de normes et de bases de donn\u00e9es.<\/p>

Divers acteurs priv\u00e9s et publics gouvernent cette structure. Par cons\u00e9quent, elle se trouve en constante \u00e9volution et soumise \u00e0 des pressions politiques, mais offre \u00e9galement de nombreuses perspectives d’avenir. C\u2019est sur cet aspect que porta le discours du Prof. Kieron O’Hara \u00e0 la Rentr\u00e9e Acad\u00e9mique 2019, intitul\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0Four Internets: The Ethics and Geopolitics of the Internet\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>

La Rentr\u00e9e Acad\u00e9mique lance officiellement l\u2019ann\u00e9e acad\u00e9mique \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 du Luxembourg. C’est l’occasion de c\u00e9l\u00e9brer le d\u00e9but du semestre, de r\u00e9compenser l’excellence parmi sa communaut\u00e9, mais aussi d’aborder des questions pertinentes pour la recherche, l’Universit\u00e9 et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, tel que l\u2019espace num\u00e9rique contemporain.<\/p>\n

\nQuatre mod\u00e8les d’internet<\/h3>\n

O’Hara a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 quatre mod\u00e8les d’internet. Depuis le temps o\u00f9 ses cr\u00e9ateurs l’ont con\u00e7u comme un internet ouvert (le mod\u00e8le \u00ab\u00a0Silicon Valley Open Valley\u00a0\u00bb), la politique mondiale a laiss\u00e9 son empreinte. Le mod\u00e8le de jadis s’est depuis transform\u00e9. Il repr\u00e9sente aujourd\u2019hui plusieurs visions g\u00e9opolitiques concurrentes : \u00ab\u00a0The Bourgeois Internet\u00a0\u00bb vise \u00e0 minimiser le mauvais comportement et \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger la vie priv\u00e9e ; \u00ab\u00a0the Paternal Internet\u00a0\u00bb s\u2019appuie sur des technologies de surveillance pour assurer la coh\u00e9sion sociale autour de valeurs pr\u00e9cises ; et \u00ab\u00a0the Commercial Internet\u00a0\u00bb consid\u00e8re les ressources en ligne en tant que propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e. Ces mod\u00e8les sont mis en avant par la Silicon Valley, l\u2019Europe, la Chine et les \u00c9tats-Unis, quoique d\u2019autres gouvernements ou r\u00e9gion adh\u00e8rent \u00e0 l\u2019un ou l\u2019autre mod\u00e8le.<\/p>

La fa\u00e7on dont internet est dirig\u00e9 et les formes que cette structure adoptera sont des questions d’int\u00e9r\u00eat global. Internet touche la vie de milliards de personnes et ce nombre s\u2019accro\u00eet chaque ann\u00e9e. Actuellement, ces quatre mod\u00e8les coexistent, et d\u2019autres mod\u00e8les potentiels sont propos\u00e9s. Au moment o\u00f9 de nombreuses personnes pr\u00e9disent un changement n\u00e9gatif et nocif dans les structures et la distribution du pouvoir, O’Hara garde espoir : \u00ab\u00a0Pouvons-nous plaider en faveur un internet neutre et bienveillant au sein duquel les opinions et la diversit\u00e9 sont respect\u00e9es ?<\/p>\n

\n\u00c0 propos de Kieron O’Hara<\/h3>\n

Kieron O’Hara est professeur en \u00e9lectronique et informatique \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 de Southampton. Son discours est bas\u00e9 sur l’article \u00ab\u00a0Four Internets – The Geopolitics of Digital Governance\u00a0\u00bb, qu’il a publi\u00e9 avec Dame Wendy Hall, professeur regius \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 de Southampton. L’article a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 en 2018 par le Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) et est disponible en ligne ici<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019internet n’est pas une structure monolithique uniforme. Au contraire, il s\u2019agit davantage d’une construction fragile et contingente faite de mat\u00e9riels, de logiciels, de normes et de bases de donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"featured_image_focal_point":[],"show_featured_caption":false,"ulux_newsletter_groups":"","uluxPostTitle":"","uluxPrePostTitle":"","_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false},"news-category":[3],"news-topic":[],"organisation":[226],"authorship":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u00ab La divison de l\u2019internet ? \u00bb - R\u00e9flections \u00e0 la Rentr\u00e9e Acad\u00e9mique - Universit\u00e9 du Luxembourg<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u2019internet n'est pas une structure monolithique uniforme. 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