{"id":1974,"date":"2022-11-15T10:41:15","date_gmt":"2022-11-15T10:41:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/website.prod.unilu.spikeseed.cloud\/fr\/news\/active-lipids-enable-intelligent-swimming-under-nutrient-limitation\/"},"modified":"2022-11-15T10:41:15","modified_gmt":"2022-11-15T10:41:15","slug":"active-lipids-enable-intelligent-swimming-under-nutrient-limitation","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fr\/news\/active-lipids-enable-intelligent-swimming-under-nutrient-limitation\/","title":{"rendered":"Active lipids enable intelligent swimming under nutrient limitation"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-free-section section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\"><p>Biophysicists from the University of Luxembourg have uncovered how microplankton \u2013 key photosynthetic organisms which produce nearly 50% of the oxygen we breathe \u2013 adopt a thrifty lifestyle when nutrients turn limiting. They strategically harness internal lipids to regulate swimming properties to maximise their fitness.<\/p><p>Prof. <a href=\"https:\/\/wwwfr.uni.lu\/recherche\/fstm\/dphyms\/people\/anupam_sengupta\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Anupam Sengupta\" rel=\"noopener\">Anupam Sengupta<\/a> and his team discovered this evolutionary trick by monitoring harmful bloom-forming phytoplankton species, using multi-scale quantitative imaging techniques, analytical and physiological measurements, fluid dynamic simulations and mathematical modelling. Precise tracking of the intracellular organelles (both size and position within cells) and the swimming behaviour reveal an emergent synergy between active lipid movement and cell-shape that ultimately enables microplankton to navigate dynamic nutrient landscapes. The groundbreaking findings appear in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.abn6005\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Active reconfiguration of cytoplasmic lipid droplets governs migration of nutrient-limited phytoplankton\" rel=\"noopener\">Science Advances<\/a>.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image  object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/07\/picture1-1.png\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 1\/1; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><p><strong><i>Figure 1.<\/i><\/strong><i>\u00a0Active regulation of lipid droplets (LD; N is the cell nucleus) enables intelligent swimming in phytoplankton. The size and position of intracellular lipid droplets, in synergy with cell shape, regulate gravitactic properties under limiting nutrient settings. The swimming properties are rapidly restored when nutrients-even a fraction of the optimal level-are reincorporated. Image source: Physics of Living Matter Group, University of Luxembourg.<\/i><\/p><p><strong>Microbial nutrients are turning scarce: An unavoidable consequence of climate change <\/strong><\/p><p>As open oceans continue to warm, modified currents and enhanced stratification exacerbate nutrient limitation, thus limiting primary production. The ability to migrate vertically offers motile phytoplankton a crucial\u2013yet energetically expensive\u2013advantage that allows vertical redistribution for growth, nutrient uptake and energy storage in nutrient-limited water. Over the last years, Prof. Sengupta has pioneered discoveries that point toward exquisite biomechanical strategies which phytoplankton employ to adapt to changes in their habitat, for instance, due to ocean turbulence (<i>Nature<\/i>), and early-warning protective mechanisms in face of biophysical stresses (<i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA<\/i>). How these miniscule yet indispensable microbes adapt to evolving nutrient landscapes \u2013 driven substantially by the climate change \u2013 has remained unknown. Now researchers from the <a href=\"https:\/\/wwwfr.uni.lu\/recherche\/fstm\/dphyms\/research\/physics_of_living_matter\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Physics of Living Matter\" rel=\"noopener\">Physics of Living Matter Group<\/a>, headed by Prof. Sengupta, reveal the fate of phytoplankton through a multi-scale cross-disciplinary investigation spanning microbiology, physics, mathematics and numerical modeling. Based on a red-tide forming microplankton, the study uncovers how species harness lipid droplets (LDs) \u2013 so far known to serve as energy-storing organelles \u2013 double as biomechanical triggers to regulate swimming properties under nutrient limitation (Figure 1). By actively controlling the position and size of the LDs, cells can decide whether to swim up or down: a key survival trait of photosynthetic microbes as their vertical position in the water column determines light and nutrient availability.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image  object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2023\/07\/picture2.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 4\/3; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><p><i>Figure 2. Doctoral students and co-authors, Arkajyoti Ghoshal (L) and Narges Kakavand (R), at the Ocean-in-Lab set up, monitoring microplankton motion under precisely controlled biophysical conditions. Image source: T\u00e9l\u00e9cran cover story: Winzige Weltretter (22 June 2022).<\/i><\/p><p><strong>Cross-scale and cross-disciplinary approaches were crucial to the discovery<\/strong><\/p><p>Alongside intracellular tracking and quantification of swimming properties using the custom-built <i>Ocean-in-Lab<\/i> set up (Figure 2), Prof. Sengupta\u2019s team measured changes in the planktons\u2019 ability to transform light into energy, and production of oxidative molecules, a key marker for physiological stress. Taken together, the results link intracellular reorganisation with biomechanics of swimming, and further provide a mechanistic framework to estimate the underlying energetics of resource acquisition under supply constraints. The combination of single-cell time-lapse imaging, particle image velocimetry of swimming populations, numerical simulations and continuum modelling, and a host of microbiology and analytical techniques were crucial for this ground-breaking discovery. This cross-disciplinary research opens new vistas in the research of active and <i>intelligent <\/i>microbial matter, and provides a fresh perspective on microbial adaptation to environmental variations, including those imposed by climate and lifestyle changes.<\/p><p><strong>Paper:<\/strong> \u201c<strong>8<\/strong>\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.abn6005\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Active reconfiguration of cytoplasmic lipid droplets governs migration of nutrient-limited phytoplankton\" rel=\"noopener\">Active reconfiguration of cytoplasmic lipid droplets governs migration of nutrient-limited phytoplankton<\/a>, eabn6005 (2022).<i>Science Advances <\/i><\/p>\n<h5 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"university-of-luxembourg\"\n    >\n\u00a9 University of Luxembourg<\/h5>\n<\/div><\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Biophysicists from the University of Luxembourg have uncovered how microplankton \u2013 key photosynthetic organisms which produce nearly 50% of the oxygen we breathe \u2013 adopt a thrifty lifestyle when nutrients turn limiting. They strategically harness internal lipids to regulate swimming properties to maximise their fitness.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"featured_image_focal_point":[],"show_featured_caption":false,"ulux_newsletter_groups":"","uluxPostTitle":"","uluxPrePostTitle":"","_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false},"news-category":[4,3],"news-topic":[],"organisation":[226],"authorship":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.3 (Yoast SEO v22.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Active lipids enable intelligent swimming under nutrient limitation - Universit\u00e9 du Luxembourg<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Biophysicists from the University of Luxembourg have uncovered how microplankton \u2013 key photosynthetic organisms which produce nearly 50% of the oxygen we breathe \u2013 adopt a thrifty lifestyle when nutrients turn limiting. 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