{"id":1379,"date":"2025-02-14T10:57:11","date_gmt":"2025-02-14T09:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-fr\/?post_type=news&p=1379"},"modified":"2025-02-14T10:59:22","modified_gmt":"2025-02-14T09:59:22","slug":"les-premieres-lettres-d-amour-numeriques","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-fr\/news\/les-premieres-lettres-d-amour-numeriques\/","title":{"rendered":"Les premi\u00e8res lettres d’amour num\u00e9riques: une histoire cach\u00e9e du code"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

En 1952, le Ferranti Mark I, l’un des premiers ordinateurs au monde \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 de Manchester, a accompli quelque chose d’extraordinaire : il a g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 une s\u00e9rie de lettres d’amour assembl\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re al\u00e9atoire. Ces lettres n’\u00e9taient pas des d\u00e9clarations de passion ordinaires ; elles \u00e9taient enti\u00e8rement \u00e9crites par un algorithme, sign\u00e9 par \u00ab\u00a0M.U.C.\u00a0\u00bb (Manchester University Computer). Cet algorithme ludique, cr\u00e9\u00e9 par Christopher Strachey, n’\u00e9tait pas simplement une exp\u00e9rience originale ; c’\u00e9tait un moment r\u00e9volutionnaire dans la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le code de Strachey parodiait l’\u00e9criture humaine avec des r\u00e9sultats absurdes mais po\u00e9tiques, en utilisant un g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur de nombres al\u00e9atoire fond\u00e9 sur la transcription d\u2019ondes \u00e9lectriques enregistr\u00e9es par le mat\u00e9riel du Ferranti Mark I pour produire des lettres d\u2019amour uniques et neutres en termes de genre. Bien que certains l\u2019aient vu comme une simple blague, il s\u2019agissait en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de l’une des premi\u00e8res instances o\u00f9 une machine imitait l’expression humaine \u2014 un anc\u00eatre direct de l’IA moderne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n \n\"Christopher <\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n \n\"Algorithme\"\n <\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Plus qu’une merveille technique, le programme refl\u00e9tait son \u00e9poque. Strachey \u2014 qui, selon sa s\u0153ur, luttait avec son identit\u00e9 sexuelle \u2014 \u00e9tait un contemporain d’Alan Turing, le p\u00e8re de l’IA, qui faisait face \u00e0 une pers\u00e9cution tragique en raison de son homosexualit\u00e9. Dans ce contexte, le g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur de lettres d’amour de Strachey prend un sens plus profond. Il parodiait les lettres d’amour traditionnelles tout en contournant subtilement les normes sociales, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant des messages anonymes, \u00e9crits par machine, qui \u00e9taient exempts de toute suspicion humaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plusieurs sources confirment que Alan Turing et Christopher Strachey \u00e9taient tous deux grandement amus\u00e9s par les r\u00e9sultats de l’algorithme, contrairement \u00e0 leurs coll\u00e8gues de l’\u00e9poque qui, selon le biographe de Turing, Andrew Hodges, \u00e9taient occup\u00e9s \u00e0 faire \u00ab\u00a0un vrai travail d’homme\u00a0\u00bb et consid\u00e9raient l’algorithme comme une infantilit\u00e9 et une perte de temps. Les lettres d’amour anonymes et neutres en termes de genre pouvaient \u00eatre vues comme un acte de r\u00e9bellion silencieuse \u2014 une mani\u00e8re d’exprimer de l’affection dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 l’amour entre personnes de m\u00eame sexe \u00e9tait un crime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le code de Strachey \u00e9tait bien plus qu’une curiosit\u00e9 technologique \u2014 c’\u00e9tait une d\u00e9claration. En transformant l’amour en algorithme, il a \u00e9largi les limites de ce que les ordinateurs pouvaient accomplir, posant les bases de la po\u00e9sie g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par l’IA, des chatbots et de la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 num\u00e9rique d’aujourd’hui. Son exp\u00e9rience ludique nous rappelle que la technologie n’est jamais uniquement une question de logique \u2014 elle concerne les histoires, les identit\u00e9s et les \u00e9motions qui sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9es dans le code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Tita\u00ffna Kauffmann<\/strong>, doctorante au Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History (C\u00b2DH), travaille actuellement sur le \u00ab code comme source \u00bb sous la supervision de la professeure Val\u00e9rie Schafer<\/a>, dans le cadre du projet \u00ab\u00a0Deep Data Science of Digital History<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb (D4H), une nouvelle unit\u00e9 de formation doctorale financ\u00e9e par le programme PRIDE du FNR. Ce projet de doctorat explore l\u2019utilisation du code source comme source historique et notamment le besoin de l’historicisation et de la contextualisation du code source pour \u00e9crire une histoire plus \u00e9clair\u00e9e du num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\nAuteur:<\/h2>\n
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  • \n
    \n \n
    \n
    \n \n\"Titayna <\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \n

    \nTita\u00ffna Kauffmann<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Doctorante<\/p>\n\n

    \n \n \n View profile<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/use><\/svg> <\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Ces lettres n’\u00e9taient pas des d\u00e9clarations de passion ordinaires ; elles \u00e9taient enti\u00e8rement \u00e9crites par un algorithme.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":1384,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"featured_image_focal_point":[],"show_featured_caption":false,"ulux_newsletter_groups":"","uluxPostTitle":"","uluxPrePostTitle":"","_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false},"news-category":[3],"news-topic":[9,16],"organisation":[543,540],"authorship":[57],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes premi\u00e8res lettres d'amour num\u00e9riques: une histoire cach\u00e9e du code - C\u00b2DH actualit\u00e9s I Universit\u00e9 du Luxembourg<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En 1952, le Ferranti Mark I, l'un des premiers ordinateurs au monde \u00e0 l'Universit\u00e9 de Manchester, a accompli quelque chose d'extraordinaire : il a g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 une s\u00e9rie de lettres d'amour assembl\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re al\u00e9atoire. 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