{"id":11440,"date":"2026-01-29T14:17:42","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T13:17:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/?post_type=news&#038;p=11440"},"modified":"2026-01-29T14:17:44","modified_gmt":"2026-01-29T13:17:44","slug":"faces-of-the-c2dh-estelle-berthereau","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/news\/faces-of-the-c2dh-estelle-berthereau\/","title":{"rendered":"Faces of the C\u00b2DH: Estelle Berthereau"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-free-section section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"documenting-a-fundamental-pillar-of-the-labour-landscape-in-luxembourg\"\n    >\nDocumenting a fundamental pillar of the labour landscape in Luxembourg<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>With her background in political and social history and journalism, C\u00b2DH postdoctoral researcher Estelle Berthereau was delighted to be given the chance to delve into the history of Luxembourg\u2019s Chamber of Employees.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2024, the Luxembourg Chamber of Employees (Chambre des salari\u00e9s, or CSL) celebrated its 100th anniversary. This representative body for workers, first established in 1924, has grown today to more than 630,000 members, making it the largest professional chamber (out of a total of five) in Luxembourg. Members now include all employees (apart from civil servants), apprentices, job seekers and pensioners. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to defending the interests of its membership, the CSL serves in various national advisory bodies, informs employees about their rights through publications and position papers on socio-economic issues, and plenty more. Each year, for instance, it delivers around a hundred opinions on draft laws and regulations on a variety of topics, ranging from social and economic issues to social security and education. C\u00b2DH postdoctoral researcher Estelle Berthereau calls it a \u201cfundamental pillar in the working landscape in Luxembourg and also a crucial body for the implementation of the social state\u2026 it organises democratically to encourage social dialogue.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-button-list-v2\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-button-list-item-v2\"><a class=\"quick-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/news\/defending-social-justice-in-a-changing-world\/\" target=\"\" role=\"link\" rel=\"noopener\" tabindex=\"0\"><span class=\"quick-link__container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-block-inserter quick-link__img\"><figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image  object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/AK1929photo-16_9.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/AK1929photo-16_9-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/AK1929photo-16_9-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/AK1929photo-16_9-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/AK1929photo-16_9-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/02\/AK1929photo-16_9.jpg 1733w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 1\/1; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<span class=\"quick-link__name wp-block-unilux-blocks-plain-text\">Defending Social Justice in a Changing World<\/span>\n\n<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-spacer is-spacer-size-sm\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image  object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"Estelle Berthereau working in the archives\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/01\/29132757\/Estelle-archives-web.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/01\/29132757\/Estelle-archives-web-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/01\/29132757\/Estelle-archives-web-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/01\/29132757\/Estelle-archives-web.jpg 900w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 2\/3; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"finalising-a-publication-in-one-year\"\n    >\nFinalising a publication in one year<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As part of the CSL\u2019s 100th anniversary celebrations, Berthereau was recruited to work on a two-year project documenting the chamber\u2019s history. This was a perfect match for her background, which includes studies in political and social history, gender studies and political philosophy at a variety of institutions, including EHESS, Universit\u00e9 Paris 8 and Columbia University. In one year, she completed a printed publication just shy of 300 pages which details the CSL\u2019s history and the key people that helped shape it. (A longer electronic version of the publication, with additional annexes, is also available.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere were a lot of archives \u2013 and that\u2019s not always the case for researchers. We completed the project in record time, which was a challenge,\u201d Berthereau explains. \u201cBut I love working in archives. They can be sources of treasures that you can\u2019t find elsewhere.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There was only one major gap in the archive, and that was the period during World War II. Back then, there were two chambers: the Chamber of Private Employees and the Chamber of Labour, which merged in 2008 to become the CSL. From 1937 to 1950, there are no annual reports for the Chamber of Private Employees \u2013 perhaps because during the German occupation, the chamber\u2019s desks, furniture and money were requisitioned by the Nazis under the leadership of Gauleiter Gustav Simon. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Part of Berthereau\u2019s archival work was at the Geneva-based International Labour Office, where she found press images, lists of workers and even cartoons. She compares her exploration of the archives to the film <em>Being John Malkovich<\/em>, adding: \u201cI like to get into the skin of people at the time, think how they thought, try to understand them.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-quote-people\">\n    <div class=\"quote-people\" role=\"group\">\n        <figure class=\"quote-people__body\">\n            <blockquote class=\"quote-people__blockquote\">\n    <span class=\"quote-people__quote\">\u201f<\/span>\n    I like to get into the skin of people at the time, think how they thought, try to understand them.\u201d\n<\/blockquote><!-- People Item Automated: Quote People -->\n<div class=\"quote-people__visual\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image object-fit--cover\">\n        <!-- Template Image Component: default -->\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-full\" width=\"\" height=\"\" rel=\"\" alt=\"Dr. Estelle BERTHEREAU\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwNjM1ODNfX0VzdGVsbGUgQkVSVEhFUkVBVQ==\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwNjM1ODNfX0VzdGVsbGUgQkVSVEhFUkVBVQ==--thumbnail 150w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwNjM1ODNfX0VzdGVsbGUgQkVSVEhFUkVBVQ==--medium 300w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwNjM1ODNfX0VzdGVsbGUgQkVSVEhFUkVBVQ==--medium_large 768w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwNjM1ODNfX0VzdGVsbGUgQkVSVEhFUkVBVQ==--large 1024w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwNjM1ODNfX0VzdGVsbGUgQkVSVEhFUkVBVQ==--1536x1536 1536w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwNjM1ODNfX0VzdGVsbGUgQkVSVEhFUkVBVQ==--2048x2048 2048w\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><!-- end Image Component -->\n    <\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"quote-people__figcaption\">\n    <p class=\"quote-people__author\">Dr. Estelle BERTHEREAU<\/p>\n    <p class=\"quote-people__position\">Postdoctoral researcher<\/p>\n    <div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-simple-cta wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-item-automated\">\n    <a\n        href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/people\/estelle-berthereau\/\"\n        title=\"Dr. Estelle BERTHEREAU\"\n        class=\"link-text link-text--icon quote-people__link\"\n        target=\"\"\n    >\n        <span class=\"link-text__body\">\n            <span class=\"link-text__name\">View profile<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- end People Item Automated -->        <\/figure>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-spacer is-spacer-size-sm\"><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Her work also included several interviews, 12 of which are in video format and accessible via the CSL website and also through QR codes in the book. For Berthereau, writing the book in just one year was a challenge, but as she says, \u201cI really enjoy writing! I feel a lot more comfortable writing than speaking.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"the-impact-of-the-csl\"\n    >\nThe impact of the CSL<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Part of what Berthereau finds fascinating about the CSL is that it touches on many different areas, including socio-economic, educational and environmental issues, and has helped drive democratic change across various fronts via a collaborative approach. To take one example, Berthereau cites how former Luxembourg Prime Minister and European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker worked with ministers Mars Di Bartolomeo and Fran\u00e7ois Biltgen on the 2008 merger of the two chambers, shortly before the crisis, and how their cross-party negotiations resulted in a positive outcome for workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The CSL also runs a wide range of vocational training courses that have historically been very popular. \u201cBefore the University of Luxembourg existed, one of the only options for continuing vocational education was the courses run by the CSL, through its Luxembourg Lifelong Learning Centre,\u201d she explains<strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-spacer is-spacer-size-sm\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-quote-people\">\n    <div class=\"quote-people\" role=\"group\">\n        <figure class=\"quote-people__body\">\n            <blockquote class=\"quote-people__blockquote\">\n    <span class=\"quote-people__quote\">\u201f<\/span>\n    Before the University of Luxembourg existed, one of the only options for continuing vocational education was the courses run by the CSL, through its Luxembourg Lifelong Learning Centre\u201d\n<\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-wrapper quote-people__figcaption\">\n<p class=\"quote-people__author wp-block-unilux-blocks-plain-text\"><\/p><\/div>\n        <\/figure>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-spacer is-spacer-size-md\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>Berthereau lights up when speaking about some of the fascinating personalities that have shaped the history of the CSL. Headed since 2019 by Nora Back, General Secretary of the OGBL union, the CSL has a history that includes a number of other notable figures, like Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my Barbel, former Prime Minister Pierre Krier and his wife Lily Becker-Krier, John Castegnaro, Michel Hack, Antoine Krier, L\u00e9on Weirich and Alex Wern\u00e9. One of the pivotal moments for the CSL, Berthereau explains, was Pierre Krier\u2019s efforts to overhaul the social security system and give workers more rights in 1945. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Berthereau also notes that the CSL has pushed for gender equality over the years, promoting equal opportunities and calling for fair pay. As its membership includes non-resident workers, it also takes into account Luxembourg\u2019s unique cross-border worker situation. \u201cFor cross-border workers, even if salaries in Luxembourg are attractive, they have to decide whether it is worth spending so much time in traffic every day.\u201d The CSL has also worked on well-being indicators \u2013 are people happy with their general quality of life? \u201cThat\u2019s an important question to consider when examining inequalities,\u201d she adds<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image  object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"Estelle Berthereau presenting social inequalities at a conference\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/01\/29135701\/Estelle-conference-web.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/01\/29135701\/Estelle-conference-web-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/01\/29135701\/Estelle-conference-web-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/01\/29135701\/Estelle-conference-web-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2026\/01\/29135701\/Estelle-conference-web.jpg 861w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 2\/3; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"between-the-c%c2%b2dh-and-the-csl\"\n    >\nBetween the C\u00b2DH and the CSL <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Berthereau has lived in Luxembourg for 12 years, during which time she has also become a naturalised citizen. Being in Luxembourg and part of the C\u00b2DH team has provided her with the opportunity to put her multidiscplinary background to work. \u201cIt has been a real honour for me to work on current issues and historical topics in Luxembourg, as I get to combine a lot of my interests,\u201d she explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Given the nature of her work, she spends most of her working time at the CSL, but one day a week is spent on site at the C\u00b2DH. She tries to attend meetings on that day. \u201cSometimes these help give me new ideas, open my mind to angles I hadn\u2019t thought about that might push my work in a different direction,\u201d she explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The researchers also share their tools and experiences with one another. Berthereau particularly appreciates such exchanges: \u201cThis atmosphere of mutual curiosity is a real source of inspiration.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"section section wp-block-unilux-blocks-quick-link-discover-section\">\n    <div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\">\n        \n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"portrait-series\"\n    >\nPortrait series<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-quick-link-discover quick-link-list\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-quick-link-discover-item\">\n    <a\n                    href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/research\/faces-of-the-c2dh\/\"\n                    class=\"quick-link\"\n            target=\"\"\n    >\n            <span class=\"quick-link__container\">\n                <span class=\"quick-link__text\">\n                    Faces of the C\u00b2DH \u2013 a team beyond borders                <\/span>\n                <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>            <\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section><\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Estelle Berthereau is researching on the history of Luxembourg&#8217;s Chamber of Employees.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":11449,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"featured_image_focal_point":[],"show_featured_caption":false,"ulux_newsletter_groups":"","uluxPostTitle":"","uluxPrePostTitle":"","_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false},"news-category":[4],"news-topic":[382,23],"organisation":[223,221],"authorship":[57],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.3 (Yoast SEO v22.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Faces of the C\u00b2DH: Estelle Berthereau - C\u00b2DH news I University of Luxembourg<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Estelle Berthereau is researching on the history of Luxembourg&#039;s Chamber of Employees. 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