{"id":7527,"date":"2020-05-18T06:36:03","date_gmt":"2020-05-18T04:36:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/articles\/repairing-radios-a-hands-on-approach-to-the-history-of-technology\/"},"modified":"2025-03-26T10:10:39","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T09:10:39","slug":"repairing-radios-a-hands-on-approach-to-the-history-of-technology","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/articles\/repairing-radios-a-hands-on-approach-to-the-history-of-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"Repairing radios: A hands-on approach to the history of technology"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-free-section section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\">\n\n<p><strong>Earlier this year the REPAIR team invited fellow historians and friends to their first hands-on workshop: Repairing old radios and sensing history.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">On 7 February 2020 the team of the REPAIR project \u2013 <a href=\"taxonomy\/term\/179\"><em>Repairing Technology, Fixing Society<\/em><\/a> \u2013 organised a first workshop with the aim of restoring two old radios to working condition. Under the supervision of Raoul Tholl, a physics and electronics teacher as well as an enthusiastic radio repair hobbyist, and Albert Wolter, a former senior engineer (Adjoint au Directeur de la Division des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications) at POST Luxembourg (PTT), the participants, who had little to no experience in electronics, were tasked with doing the repair themselves \u2013 all in the spirit of the C\u00b2DH\u2019s <em>thinkering<\/em> approach: the action of playful experimentation with technological and digital tools for the interpretation and presentation of history.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Aside from the REPAIR team \u2013 Stefan Krebs, Rebecca Mossop and Thomas Hoppenheit \u2013, the participants were Andreas Fickers, Andy O&#8217;Dwyer, Douglas Lambert and Viktoria Boretska from the C\u00b2DH, as well as Heike Weber (TU Berlin) and Gabriele Schabacher (Uni Mainz) representing the project\u2019s advisory board. The radios in question were a Blaupunkt Sultan 2520 and a Mende 238W.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"thumbnail  wp-block-unilux-blocks-thumbnail-video-vimeo\">\n    <span class=\"thumbnail__container\">\n        <span class=\"thumbnail__body\">\n            <span class=\"icon-rounded p-24 shadow bg-theme\">\n                <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-solid icon--play icon--white\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-solid.svg#icon--play\"><\/use><\/svg>            <\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/vumbnail.com\/432420396:a3c0480e9f.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure>    <\/span>\n    \n<div class=\"modal fade vimeo-modal wp-block-unilux-blocks-thumbnail-video-vimeo\" id=\"modal-hnzfy\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n    <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\">\n        <div class=\"modal-content\">\n            \n<div class=\"modal-header\">\n    <div class=\"modal-title\">\n        <h1 id=\"modal-filter-title\">Thumbnail Video<\/h1>\n    <\/div>\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"modal__btn-close\" data-bs-dismiss=\"modal\">\n        <span class=\"modal__btn-close__name\">Close<\/span>\n    <\/button>\n<\/div>\n            \n<style>\n    .modal-body {\n        padding: 0 !important;\n        flex: auto;\n    }\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"modal-body\">\n    <div class=\"vimeo-video\" data-video-url=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/432420396?h=a3c0480e9f?h=\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The workshop started around noon after a small lunch, with the experts giving a brief introduction to their radios and radio technology in general, and with that we were off on our own. The first step for both radios was to free the electronics from their shell, the wooden body and its speakers. The cables to the speakers were simply snipped, leaving about a centimetre or two connected to the speakers to provide enough length to solder the radio back to them at the end of the day. After a brief yet careful cleaning of the components with compressed air and brushes, we were able to check the radios\u2019 inner workings for components that were either faulty or would most likely need to be changed sooner rather than later anyway. After consideration with the experts, it was decided to swap all the old paper-wrapped capacitors for new ones because they were so prone to failure. Each of them was snipped off at the base and the new ones were carefully soldered in their place, giving all participants the opportunity to get their hands dirty \u2013 many of them soldering for the first time in their lives. With most of the components switched out, the experts took over to change the capacitators, since the participants would have found them too difficult to reach and work on with their level of expertise.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">While the participants worked on the radios, Raoul Tholl and Albert Wolter took great care in explaining why we were doing what we were doing. By referring to the radios\u2019 schematics, accessed at the website radiomuseum.org, and with ample use of the white board (a familiar experience for Raoul Tholl as an experienced teacher), they were able to answer any questions that arose from the participants\u2019 hands-on practice as well as their general curiosity about the topic. As most of them have a background in the history of technology and related fields it was great fun for them to see those concepts that they often only theorise about in action \u2013 for example the notion of (built-in) obsolescence in the way paper-wrapped capacitators are simply not built to last forever, or the concept of workarounds, for example powering a small radio brought along by Heike Weber with batteries outside the chassis, opting not to wire everything up as intended, or draining the electricity stored in capacitors with a light bulb instead of letting it disperse naturally in order to work on objects without the risk of being electrocuted. Likewise, we could observe how old technologies are generally not simply replaced by something new, but that old and new most often co-exist \u2013 even in the same chassis.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">While we were missing some components to restore the Mende completely, work on the Sultan was finished just in time for the end of the workshop. After a final check with a multimeter to make sure that all the new components had indeed been replaced correctly and that the currents measured at key points of the radios\u2019 schematics (again always referring to the provided blueprint and explaining the wiring layout) were correct, as well as a rudimentary test of function \u2013 listening for an audible humming \u2013, Raoul Tholl carefully soldered the electronics back to the speaker. It was time for the final test. With great anticipation everybody watched and listened attentively when the radio was finally powered on, all parts connected, and cheered loudly as we were greeted with the familiar voices of RTL.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"alignfull wp-block-unilux-blocks-gallery-carousel\">\n    <div class=\"swiper swiper-gallery\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"A gallery of images\">\n        <!-- Swiper button Next & Prev -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-nav__container\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-nav__grid\">\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-left \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-left\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- swiper slides -->\n        <ul class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n            \n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/img_0548.jpeg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/img_0555.jpeg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/img_0558.jpeg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/img_0563.jpeg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/img_0565.jpeg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/img_0574.jpeg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/img_0587.jpeg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/img_0593.jpeg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>        <\/ul>\n\n        <!-- Swiper pagination -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-pagination\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-pagination__bullets\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nCredits:<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Pictures taken by Stefan Krebs<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"py-48 first:pt-0 last:pb-0 wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-list\">\n    \n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nAuthor(s)<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"flex flex-wrap -mx-16 wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-item-wrapper\">\n    <li class=\"w-full md:w-1\/2 p-16 wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-item-automated\"><div class=\"ulux-card card-people bg-theme\"><div class=\"list-people bg-theme\">\n    <div class=\"list-people__container\">\n        <div class=\"list-people__visual\">\n            <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image\">\n                <!-- Template Image Component: default -->\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-full\" width=\"\" height=\"\" rel=\"\" alt=\"Assoc. Prof Stefan KREBS\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDg2OTZfX1N0ZWZhbiBLUkVCUw==\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDg2OTZfX1N0ZWZhbiBLUkVCUw==--thumbnail 150w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDg2OTZfX1N0ZWZhbiBLUkVCUw==--medium 300w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDg2OTZfX1N0ZWZhbiBLUkVCUw==--medium_large 768w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDg2OTZfX1N0ZWZhbiBLUkVCUw==--large 1024w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDg2OTZfX1N0ZWZhbiBLUkVCUw==--1536x1536 1536w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDg2OTZfX1N0ZWZhbiBLUkVCUw==--2048x2048 2048w\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><!-- end Image Component -->\n            <\/figure>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"list-people__body\">\n            <h3 class=\"list-people__title\">Assoc. Prof Stefan KREBS<\/h3>\n            <p class=\"list-people__description\">Associate professor<\/p>\n            <div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-simple-cta wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-item-automated\">\n    <a\n        href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/people\/stefan-krebs\/\"\n        class=\"link-text link-text--icon list-people__link link-absolute\"\n        target=\"\"\n    >\n        <span class=\"link-text__body\">\n            <span class=\"link-text__name\">Learn more<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nAdditionnal author(s)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"ulux-list\">\n\n<li class=\"ulux-list-item\">Thomas Hoppenheit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ulux-list-item\">Rebecca Mossop<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Earlier this year the REPAIR team invited fellow historians and friends to their first hands-on workshop: Repairing old radios and sensing history.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7432,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"featured_image_focal_point":[],"show_featured_caption":false,"ulux_newsletter_groups":"","uluxPostTitle":"","uluxPrePostTitle":"","_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false},"articles-category":[],"articles-topic":[414,447],"organisation":[221],"authorship":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.3 (Yoast SEO v22.3) - 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