{"id":7521,"date":"2020-07-16T06:35:57","date_gmt":"2020-07-16T04:35:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/articles\/images-of-invisible-traces-documenting-and-re-enacting-an-18th-century-experiment\/"},"modified":"2025-03-27T09:10:01","modified_gmt":"2025-03-27T08:10:01","slug":"images-of-invisible-traces-documenting-and-re-enacting-an-18th-century-experiment","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/articles\/images-of-invisible-traces-documenting-and-re-enacting-an-18th-century-experiment\/","title":{"rendered":"Images of invisible traces: documenting and re-enacting an 18th century experiment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-free-section section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\">\n<p><strong>On 17-18 December 2019, the first workshop of the DEMA project &#8211; Doing Experimental Media Archaeology: Practice &amp; Theory &#8211; project took place at the C\u00b2DH. For this workshop, specialists from the fields of media history, art history and the history of science were invited to share best practices and experiences in documenting hands-on and experimental research.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What approaches, methods and techniques are there for documenting historical re-enactments and experiments? Which best practices and \u201cartful failures\u201d can we distinguish? What documentation tools can we use, what are their affordances and limitations? How can we learn from other disciplines in documenting hands-on experiments? By addressing these fundamental questions, the DEMA project team organized a two-day workshop to reflect on, share and exercise documentation practices in hands-on experimental research. One of the aims of the workshop was to contribute to the development of a best practice guide and protocol that we can use for documenting our media archaeological experiments in the DEMA research project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aside from the DEMA team &#8211; Andreas Fickers, Stefan Krebs, Aleksander Kolkowski and Tim van der Heijden &#8211; participants were the project\u2019s advisory board members John Ellis (Royal Holloway University of London), Lori Emerson (University of Colorado, Boulder), Erkki Huhtamo (UCLA), and Annie van den Oever (University of Groningen) as well as invited guests Falk Rie\u00df (University of Oldenburg), Wolfgang Engels (Histex GmbH \/ University of Oldenburg), Leslie Carlyle (Universidade NOVA de Lisboa), Julia Kursell (University of Amsterdam), Beno\u00eet Turquety (University of Lausanne), Ludwig Vogl-Bienek (Philips Universit\u00e4t Marburg), Karin Bienek (Illuminago, Frankfurt), and Tim Boon (Science Museum London).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A full report of the workshop on documentation practices in media archaeological experiments, including lessons learned by the DEMA advisory board members, presentations by the invited specialists, discussions and reflections on historical experiments, can be read at the DEMA website here:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dema.uni.lu\/documenting-media-archaeological-experiments-report\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/dema.uni.lu\/documenting-media-archaeological-experiments-report\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"alignfull wp-block-unilux-blocks-gallery-carousel\">\n    <div class=\"swiper swiper-gallery\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"A gallery of images\">\n        <!-- Swiper button Next & Prev -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-nav__container\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-nav__grid\">\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-left \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-left\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- swiper slides -->\n        <ul class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n            \n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/3.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Historical media objects as part of the media archaeological collection of the C2DH.        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/2_2.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Andreas Fickers presenting the workshop\u2019s objectives.        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/4.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Stefan Krebs presenting the DEMA project&#039;s milestones.        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/5.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Aleks Kolkowski presenting his post-doc research within the DEMA project.        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/6_0.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Tim van der Heijden presenting his research within the DEMA project.        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/7.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Advisory board member Professor John Ellis (Royal Holloway University of London) presenting his lessons learned of documenting historical reenactments in the ADAPT research project.        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/8.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Advisory board member Professor Lori Emerson (University of Colorado) presenting her lessons learned based on her experiences of the Media Archaeology Lab (MAL).        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/9b.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Advisory board member Professor Erkki Huhtamo (UCLA) presenting his lessons learned from his media archaeological work.        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/10b.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Advisory board member Professor Annie van den Oever (University of Groningen) presenting her lessons learned from teaching film studies in the University\u2019s Film Archive and Media Archaeological Lab.        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>        <\/ul>\n\n        <!-- Swiper pagination -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-pagination\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-pagination__bullets\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nImages of invisible traces: a hands-on practical experiment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This blog post will specifically report on a historical re-enactment of an 18th century physics experiment, led by historians of science Emeritus Professor Falk Rie\u00df and Dr. Wolfgang Engels from the University of Oldenburg, as part of the second day of the workshop. In their presentation, entitled \u201cImages of invisible traces: The repetition of historical experiments producing (and reproducing) Lichtenberg figures\u201d, Rie\u00df and Engels gave a demonstration of this ground-breaking physics experiment on the uncovering of electric discharge patterns and attempts to preserve the results by means of different methods, both antique and modern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"alignfull wp-block-unilux-blocks-gallery-carousel\">\n    <div class=\"swiper swiper-gallery\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"A gallery of images\">\n        <!-- Swiper button Next & Prev -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-nav__container\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-nav__grid\">\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-left \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-left\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- swiper slides -->\n        <ul class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n            \n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/11_0.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Illustration of a Lichtenberg figure on a resin plate, as demonstrated by Falk Rie\u00df and Wolfgang Engels in their hands-on workshop.        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>        <\/ul>\n\n        <!-- Swiper pagination -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-pagination\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-pagination__bullets\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<p>They started by giving a short history of the phenomenon, and the persons that played a decisive role in its development. The central historical figure is <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georg_Christoph_Lichtenberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Georg Christoph Lichtenberg<\/a> (1742-1799), a physics professor in G\u00f6ttingen, who with the help of his assistants <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johann_Andreas_Klindworth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Johann Andreas Klindworth<\/a> (1742-1813) and Johann Hermann Seyde (?-1813) experimented with ways of transferring and preserving energy. The instrument that he built, called the \u201celectrophorus\u201d, consists of an isolated plate of resin that was used to generate electricity through induction. Initially, Lichtenberg thought that the electricity relocated to the resin plate would not fade away. But when he wanted to make the resin surface of the electrophorus more flat by grinding it, he found out by accident that some beautiful figures arise when wiping away the dust collected by the resin plate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201cMy room was filled with the finest resin dust from the production of an electrophorus. When the dust fell on the lid of the electrophorus it formed stars and suns. The figures had wonderful tiny twigs.\u201d<\/strong> (Lichtenberg in 1777, translated from German into English by Falk Rie\u00df)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lichtenberg\u2019s discovery led to a series of experiments to better understand where the figures came from. In their demonstration of how to make electrical discharge patterns, Rie\u00df and Engels explained the physics behind the phenomenon:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201cThe discharge of a spark cannot be seen. It is too quick (like a lightning), and the electricity does not leave visible traces on the surface. On an insulating material (like resin) the traces can be made visible by powdering them with fine dust. Moreover, you can distinguish between positive electric charge (\u201csun\u201d) and negative electric charge (\u201cmoon\u201d): they result in different patterns. This is what Lichtenberg discovered.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image  object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"Emeritus Professor Falk Rie\u00df (University of Oldenburg) explaining the physics behind the Lichtenberg phenomenon.\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/07\/DEMA-workshop.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/07\/DEMA-workshop-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/07\/DEMA-workshop-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/07\/DEMA-workshop-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/07\/DEMA-workshop.jpg 1200w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Emeritus Professor Falk Rie\u00df (University of Oldenburg) explaining the physics behind the Lichtenberg phenomenon.        <\/p>\n    <\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"thumbnail  wp-block-unilux-blocks-thumbnail-video-vimeo\">\n    <span class=\"thumbnail__container\">\n        <span class=\"thumbnail__body\">\n            <span class=\"icon-rounded p-24 shadow bg-theme\">\n                <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-solid icon--play icon--white\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-solid.svg#icon--play\"><\/use><\/svg>            <\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"DEMA workshop video recording\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/07\/DEMA-workshop-video-recording.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/07\/DEMA-workshop-video-recording-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/07\/DEMA-workshop-video-recording-1024x575.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/07\/DEMA-workshop-video-recording-768x431.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/07\/DEMA-workshop-video-recording.jpg 1174w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure>    <\/span>\n    \n<div class=\"modal fade vimeo-modal wp-block-unilux-blocks-thumbnail-video-vimeo\" id=\"modal-JIr6j\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n    <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\">\n        <div class=\"modal-content\">\n            \n<div class=\"modal-header\">\n    <div class=\"modal-title\">\n        <h1 id=\"modal-filter-title\">Thumbnail Video<\/h1>\n    <\/div>\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"modal__btn-close\" data-bs-dismiss=\"modal\">\n        <span class=\"modal__btn-close__name\">Close<\/span>\n    <\/button>\n<\/div>\n            \n<style>\n    .modal-body {\n        padding: 0 !important;\n        flex: auto;\n    }\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"modal-body\">\n    <div class=\"vimeo-video\" data-video-url=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/436395078?h=61e61e3828?h=\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-spacer is-spacer-size-md\"><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nProducing Lichtenberg figures as historical experiment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>After the demonstration, participants were invited to a hands-on exercise in which they recreated the electric discharge experiments and made their own Lichtenberg figures at their own working tables. They were also asked to document the process in detail and to reflect on how performing the experiment is similar and different from the times when Lichtenberg was doing it, more than two centuries ago. Afterwards, we discussed the experiences of the participants. One of the things that is different from the times of Lichtenberg is, of course, that we now know the effects of electric discharge, which creates a whole set of expectations around the experiment. We know in advance that this will happen, whereas Lichtenberg didn\u2019t know the outcome of his experiment. This subsequently raised the question whether it was actually an experiment that we did, or a <em>reproduction<\/em> of an experiment? Or perhaps just the learning of a certain technique by trial and error? What makes an experiment experimental? Is it the uncertainty of the results, that you don\u2019t know the outcome beforehand? In that case, the workshop was rather a reproduction of the experimental process, which nonetheless enabled participants to develop tacit knowledge in making the Lichtenberg figures with the same methods and materials of the time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"alignfull wp-block-unilux-blocks-gallery-carousel\">\n    <div class=\"swiper swiper-gallery\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"A gallery of images\">\n        <!-- Swiper button Next & Prev -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-nav__container\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-nav__grid\">\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-left \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-left\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- swiper slides -->\n        <ul class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n            \n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/14_0.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Dr. Wolfgang Engels (Histex GmbH \/ University of Oldenburg) giving a demonstration of the production of the Lichtenberg figures.        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>        <\/ul>\n\n        <!-- Swiper pagination -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-pagination\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-pagination__bullets\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, the experiment made participants reflect on their own documentation practices, or rather their lack thereof. Nearly all of the participants started doing the hands-on experiments right away, but completely forgot about dividing roles between \u201cexperimenter\u201d and \u201cobserver\u201d in the process, as is standard practice in most physics laboratory work. Because they failed to systematically document the process, for instance, one group couldn\u2019t understand the different outcomes between their first experiment, which was a failure, and their second experiment, which produced more satisfying results. Doing the experiments and documentation at the same time can be rather challenging. One of the participants argued that it keeps you away from a certain \u201crhythm\u201d, because after you do something for the first time you have to repeat it in order to write down what actually happened. This dynamics between experimentation and documentation seems crucial when thinking about a methodology for experimental research. When starting to document the experimental process too quickly, another participant argued, the documentation itself may become the \u201cepistemic thing\u201d rather than the object of study. A solution might be to divide between tasks here and, additionally, to do a \u201cthought experiment\u201d first to imagine what would be the salient points of the experiments. By hierarchizing the elements of the process, it becomes more clear to know beforehand what to document and what not. On the other hand, such thought experiments can also create certain expectations which makes the researcher less open for \u201cthe unexpected\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"alignfull wp-block-unilux-blocks-gallery-carousel\">\n    <div class=\"swiper swiper-gallery\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"A gallery of images\">\n        <!-- Swiper button Next & Prev -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-nav__container\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-nav__grid\">\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-left \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-left\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- swiper slides -->\n        <ul class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n            \n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/15.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Workshop participants producing the Lichtenberg figures and documenting their process and results.        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>        <\/ul>\n\n        <!-- Swiper pagination -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-pagination\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-pagination__bullets\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<p>The question of documentation finally led to a discussion about the different means of documentation. When we record everything with a 360 degree camera, for example, are we actually documenting? Or does the documentation process imply an analysis of the material as well? One difference between documenting by means of taking a photo or making a video and documenting by means of taking notes is that the latter already includes some form of reflection and digesting of the experience. One of the advantages of the raw photo and video material, on the other hand, is that it enables you to retrace your steps more efficiently than when you take notes based on what you assume will happen. Photo and video documentation enables you to catch certain physical techniques that are often very difficult to verbalize, John Ellis argued based on his experiences in the ADAPT project. By including the thought process on video, for instance by verbalizing certain actions and thoughts, you can capture both the action process and the reflection of the experience at the same time. Documenting the experiments this way helps to make the video footage more analytical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"alignfull wp-block-unilux-blocks-gallery-carousel\">\n    <div class=\"swiper swiper-gallery\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"A gallery of images\">\n        <!-- Swiper button Next & Prev -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-nav__container\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-nav__grid\">\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-left \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-left\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- swiper slides -->\n        <ul class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n            \n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/16_0.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Wolfgang Engels showing the result of making a perpetual imprint of the Lichtenberg figures.        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>        <\/ul>\n\n        <!-- Swiper pagination -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-pagination\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-pagination__bullets\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nMaking imprints of Lichtenberg figures<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The second part of the hands-on workshop was all about how to document the Lichtenberg figures themselves, so as to make a perpetual imprint of them. Although Lichtenberg himself has tried to make imprints of the figures, it was <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolf_Traugott_von_Gersdorff\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adolph Traugott von Gersdorf<\/a> (1744-1807) who mastered the aesthetic process of reproduction. Von Gersdorf, a squire and amateur scientist, made more than 1400 imprints of the Lichtenberg figures, some of which have remained and are now part of a museum collection in G\u00f6rlitz, Germany. Like Lichtenberg, von Gersdorf had an assistant: <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christoph_Nathe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christoph Nathe<\/a> (1753-1806), a painter and graphic artist. Instead of drawing the figures, they developed a method for making the imprints which required a special type of paper and glue, i.e. thick milk mixed with casein. The procedure for making the imprints includes the powdering of the plate, the preparation of the paper and glue, rubbing the paper by a spoon or by hand on the plate, and then removing the paper from the plate, after which the imprint of the Lichtenberg figure appears. After a short demonstration by Wolfgang Engels, the participants could make their own beautiful imprints of their Lichtenberg figures. It allowed them to create a nice souvenir of a fascinating workshop, which truly combined theory and practice, experimentation and documentation, science and art.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"alignfull wp-block-unilux-blocks-gallery-carousel\">\n    <div class=\"swiper swiper-gallery\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"A gallery of images\">\n        <!-- Swiper button Next & Prev -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-nav__container\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-nav__grid\">\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-left \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-left\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- swiper slides -->\n        <ul class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n            \n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/17_0.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            An imprint of a Lichtenberg figure, made by the workshop participants.        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>        <\/ul>\n\n        <!-- Swiper pagination -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-pagination\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-pagination__bullets\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<div class=\"thumbnail  wp-block-unilux-blocks-thumbnail-video-vimeo\">\n    <span class=\"thumbnail__container\">\n        <span class=\"thumbnail__body\">\n            <span class=\"icon-rounded p-24 shadow bg-theme\">\n                <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-solid icon--play icon--white\"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-solid.svg#icon--play\"><\/use><\/svg>            <\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"DEMA workshop video recording 2\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/07\/DEMA-workshop-video-recording-2.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/07\/DEMA-workshop-video-recording-2-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/07\/DEMA-workshop-video-recording-2-1024x574.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/07\/DEMA-workshop-video-recording-2-768x431.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2020\/07\/DEMA-workshop-video-recording-2.jpg 1170w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure>    <\/span>\n    \n<div class=\"modal fade vimeo-modal wp-block-unilux-blocks-thumbnail-video-vimeo\" id=\"modal-2FG4V\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n    <div class=\"modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable\">\n        <div class=\"modal-content\">\n            \n<div class=\"modal-header\">\n    <div class=\"modal-title\">\n        <h1 id=\"modal-filter-title\">Thumbnail Video<\/h1>\n    <\/div>\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"modal__btn-close\" data-bs-dismiss=\"modal\">\n        <span class=\"modal__btn-close__name\">Close<\/span>\n    <\/button>\n<\/div>\n            \n<style>\n    .modal-body {\n        padding: 0 !important;\n        flex: auto;\n    }\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"modal-body\">\n    <div class=\"vimeo-video\" data-video-url=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/436405819?h=82370f9815?h=\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The DEMA team would like to thank all workshop participants for their contributions. In particular, we are thankful to Falk Rie\u00df and Wolfgang Engels&nbsp;for their efforts in preparing and demonstrating this 18th century experiment, which was a fascinating and memorable part of the workshop.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nCredits:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Photos taken by No\u00eblle Schon,&nbsp;Aleks Kolkowski and Tim van der Heijden. Videos recorded in the Media Lab of the University of Luxembourg with the help of our colleagues from the University&#8217;s Media Centre. Video montage by Tim van der Heijden. All rights reserved.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"py-48 first:pt-0 last:pb-0 wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-list\">\n    \n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nAuthor(s)<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"flex flex-wrap -mx-16 wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-item-wrapper\">\n    <li class=\"w-full md:w-1\/2 p-16 wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-item-automated\"><div class=\"ulux-card card-people bg-theme\"><div class=\"list-people bg-theme\">\n    <div class=\"list-people__container\">\n        <div class=\"list-people__visual\">\n            <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image\">\n                <!-- Template Image Component: default -->\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-full\" width=\"\" height=\"\" rel=\"\" alt=\"Assoc. Prof Stefan KREBS\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDg2OTZfX1N0ZWZhbiBLUkVCUw==\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDg2OTZfX1N0ZWZhbiBLUkVCUw==--thumbnail 150w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDg2OTZfX1N0ZWZhbiBLUkVCUw==--medium 300w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDg2OTZfX1N0ZWZhbiBLUkVCUw==--medium_large 768w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDg2OTZfX1N0ZWZhbiBLUkVCUw==--large 1024w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDg2OTZfX1N0ZWZhbiBLUkVCUw==--1536x1536 1536w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDg2OTZfX1N0ZWZhbiBLUkVCUw==--2048x2048 2048w\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><!-- end Image Component -->\n            <\/figure>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"list-people__body\">\n            <h3 class=\"list-people__title\">Assoc. Prof Stefan KREBS<\/h3>\n            <p class=\"list-people__description\">Associate professor<\/p>\n            <div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-simple-cta wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-item-automated\">\n    <a\n        href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/people\/stefan-krebs\/\"\n        title=\"Assoc. Prof Stefan KREBS\"\n        class=\"link-text link-text--icon list-people__link link-absolute\"\n        target=\"\"\n    >\n        <span class=\"link-text__body\">\n            <span class=\"link-text__name\">Learn more<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"w-full md:w-1\/2 p-16 wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-item-automated\"><div class=\"ulux-card card-people bg-theme\"><div class=\"list-people bg-theme\">\n    <div class=\"list-people__container\">\n        <div class=\"list-people__visual\">\n            <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image\">\n                <!-- Template Image Component: default -->\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"w-full\" width=\"\" height=\"\" rel=\"\" alt=\"Prof Andreas FICKERS\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDE3ODZfX0FuZHJlYXMgRklDS0VSUw==\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDE3ODZfX0FuZHJlYXMgRklDS0VSUw==--thumbnail 150w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDE3ODZfX0FuZHJlYXMgRklDS0VSUw==--medium 300w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDE3ODZfX0FuZHJlYXMgRklDS0VSUw==--medium_large 768w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDE3ODZfX0FuZHJlYXMgRklDS0VSUw==--large 1024w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDE3ODZfX0FuZHJlYXMgRklDS0VSUw==--1536x1536 1536w,https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/en\/person-image\/NTAwMDE3ODZfX0FuZHJlYXMgRklDS0VSUw==--2048x2048 2048w\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><!-- end Image Component -->\n            <\/figure>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"list-people__body\">\n            <h3 class=\"list-people__title\">Prof Andreas FICKERS<\/h3>\n            <p class=\"list-people__description\">Director of the Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History<\/p>\n            <div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-simple-cta wp-block-unilux-blocks-people-item-automated\">\n    <a\n        href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/people\/andreas-fickers\/\"\n        title=\"Prof Andreas FICKERS\"\n        class=\"link-text link-text--icon list-people__link link-absolute\"\n        target=\"\"\n    >\n        <span class=\"link-text__body\">\n            <span class=\"link-text__name\">Learn more<\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nAdditionnal author(s)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"ulux-list\">\n<li class=\"ulux-list-item\">Tim van der Heijden<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ulux-list-item\">Aleksander Kolkowski<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 17-18 December 2019, the first workshop of the DEMA project &#8211; Doing Experimental Media Archaeology: Practice &amp; Theory &#8211; project took place at the C\u00b2DH. For this workshop, specialists from the fields of media history, art history and the history of science were invited to share best practices and experiences in documenting hands-on and experimental research.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7437,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"featured_image_focal_point":[],"show_featured_caption":false,"ulux_newsletter_groups":"","uluxPostTitle":"","uluxPrePostTitle":"","_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false},"articles-category":[],"articles-topic":[413,442,414,403],"organisation":[221],"authorship":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.3 (Yoast SEO v22.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Images of invisible traces: documenting and re-enacting an 18th century experiment - C2DH EN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/articles\/images-of-invisible-traces-documenting-and-re-enacting-an-18th-century-experiment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Images of invisible traces: documenting and re-enacting an 18th century experiment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On 17-18 December 2019, the first workshop of the DEMA project - Doing Experimental Media Archaeology: Practice &amp; Theory - project took place at the C\u00b2DH. 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