{"id":7506,"date":"2021-05-11T06:35:43","date_gmt":"2021-05-11T04:35:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/articles\/dronetv-lu-a-teaching-and-research-platform-on-useful-tv\/"},"modified":"2025-03-27T09:32:24","modified_gmt":"2025-03-27T08:32:24","slug":"dronetv-lu-a-teaching-and-research-platform-on-useful-tv","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/articles\/dronetv-lu-a-teaching-and-research-platform-on-useful-tv\/","title":{"rendered":"Dronetv.lu: A Teaching and Research Platform on Useful TV"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-free-section section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\">\n<p><strong>Dronetv.lu is a plurilingual platform on the history of military, industrial and educational television.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dronetv.lu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dronetv.lu<\/a><\/em> website is an extension of my <a href=\"http:\/\/p3.snf.ch\/project-174743\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">postdoctoral research project<\/a> supported by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.snf.ch\/en\/Pages\/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Swiss National Science Foundation<\/a>, for which I spent one year as a Visiting Researcher at the C\u00b2DH. The website&#8217;s development and online publication was made possible thanks to the support by the C\u00b2DH.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nTowards a History of CCTV<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Television\u2019s history has predominantly been told from the perspective of its broadcasting institutions and domestic practices; the bulk of television scholarship traces the story of a mass medium. Doing so, it neglects a parallel history of \u201cuseful television\u201d, built upon a visual closed circuit, the miniaturization of machines, small-scale audiences, and alleged universal operability. Distributed under the name of <strong>Industrial Television<\/strong> and <strong>CCTV<\/strong> (for closed circuit television), this prevalent but overlooked form of televisuality was developed for military uses during World War II before it was adapted to industrial, commercial, educational, and bureaucratic spaces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"alignfull wp-block-unilux-blocks-gallery-carousel\">\n    <div class=\"swiper swiper-gallery\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"A gallery of images\">\n        <!-- Swiper button Next & Prev -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-nav__container\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-nav__grid\">\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-left \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-left\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- swiper slides -->\n        <ul class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n            \n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/surveilling_office.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            CCTV: Traffic Control Texas. Source: National Proving Ground for Freeway Surveillance Control &amp; Electronic Traffic Aids. Television Equipment for Traffic Surveillance, 1962. Hagley Library.        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"Industrielles Fernsehen\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/industrielles_fernsehen_0.jpg\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Source: Loos, Fritz, et Helmut Schmidt. Industrielles Fernsehen. VEB Fachbuchverl., 1960. With thanks to Andy O\u2019Dwyer.        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"Source: Publicit\u00e9 Thomson-Houston in La Cit\u00e9 : revue de la Cit\u00e9 universitaire de Paris, 1954. https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k9783569c\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/05\/Publicite-Thomson-scaled.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/05\/Publicite-Thomson-219x300.jpg 219w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/05\/Publicite-Thomson-748x1024.jpg 748w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/05\/Publicite-Thomson-768x1052.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/05\/Publicite-Thomson-1121x1536.jpg 1121w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/05\/Publicite-Thomson-1495x2048.jpg 1495w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2021\/05\/Publicite-Thomson-scaled.jpg 1869w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Source: Publicit\u00e9 Thomson-Houston in La Cit\u00e9 : revue de la Cit\u00e9 universitaire de Paris, 1954. https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k9783569c        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>        <\/ul>\n\n        <!-- Swiper pagination -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-pagination\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-pagination__bullets\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<p><em>Dronetv.lu<\/em> investigates the visual, material, and epistemic dimensions of this televisual form defined in terms of audiovisual instrumentality and operability, and running in multiple spaces outside the home. It takes advantage of the blog format to publish short case studies based on archival sources, and to cartography so far uncharted territory of televisual operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to the original research papers and other contributions, the website contains a <a href=\"https:\/\/dronetv.lu\/en\/page\/bibliographie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bibliography<\/a> on the history of CCTV, as well as a <a href=\"https:\/\/dronetv.lu\/en\/resources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">database<\/a>, giving access to the documents discussed in the various blog posts. Although very simple, this archive-oriented \u201cresource\u201d page gives an insight into the plurality and diversity of CCTV applications \u2013 and their historical traces. As these sources shows, the uses of CCTV in warfare, industry, science, and education were far-reaching and multifaceted: closed-circuit images were more than a footnote in TV\u2019s overall history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"alignfull wp-block-unilux-blocks-gallery-carousel\">\n    <div class=\"swiper swiper-gallery\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"A gallery of images\">\n        <!-- Swiper button Next & Prev -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-nav__container\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-nav__grid\">\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-left \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-left\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- swiper slides -->\n        <ul class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n            \n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"Dronetv.lu website\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/dronetv_screenshot_1.png\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Dronetv.lu website        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"Dronetv.lu website\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/ressources.png\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>        <\/ul>\n\n        <!-- Swiper pagination -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-pagination\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-pagination__bullets\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nThe Making Of<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Dronetv.lu<\/em> is partly the result of pandemic circumstances. It brings together contributions by BA-students of the <a href=\"https:\/\/medienwissenschaft.philhist.unibas.ch\/de\/home\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seminar f\u00fcr Medienwissenschaft<\/a>&nbsp;at the University of Basel, with whom I had the pleasure to work during the fall semester 2020; it furthermore includes my own research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Its objectives are twofold.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, it serves as a showcase of my ongoing research project <a href=\"https:\/\/people.unil.ch\/annekatrinweber\/accueil\/operative-tv-closed-circuit-images-from-world-war-ii-to-the-cold-war\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Operative TV. Closed-Circuit Images from WWII to the Cold War<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em>for which I just have received a <a href=\"https:\/\/eikones.philhist.unibas.ch\/de\/nomis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NOMIS-Fellowship<\/a> at <em>eikones. Center for the theory and history of images<\/em> at the University of Basel. This project aims at bringing to the fore the largely neglected history of closed-circuit television and its virtually universal applications. In this regard, the website continues to be nourished in the following months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, <em>Dronetv.lu<\/em> has served as a tool for teaching during the COVID- Pandemic and may continue to serve as a teaching platform in the future. Instead of following online-seminars and zoom-lectures, the BA-students have collaborated on historical case studies on CCTV. For many of the students, the writing and publishing in an online outlet has been a new experience, as was the work with historical sources. They addressed the different challenges with determination, despite the difficult circumstances of socially distant learning, cooperating, and researching.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The seminar was organized as a research seminar, which required autonomy and curiosity from the students, and the willingness to engage in largely unknown topics. After a first few \u201cregular\u201d meetings, during which we discussed historical and methodological framings, the students started working on their own projects in small groups. To do so, they had received an outline of their chosen topic, a list with secondary literature, as well as the relevant sources. In \u201cnormal\u201d times I would have suggested to visit archival centers with interested students in order to give them an insight into archival work and to communicate \u201cle go\u00fbt de l\u2019archive\u201d. With the pandemic and the general closure of archival institutions, we used materials I had collected beforehand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From my perspective as a teacher, the project-based group work replacing synchronous or asynchronous online teaching with the full class had a few notable advantages, including, among others, the possibility to get to know the students, since the discussions were mainly held in small groups of 4 to 5. The individual group support provided the satisfaction to be able to follow closely the different projects, the students\u2019 questions as well as their progress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, in small group settings, the students\u2019 pandemic-related needs such as greater flexibility in their schedule or the necessity to \u201csmall-talk\u201d with colleagues in absence of the coffee machine talk, could be taken into consideration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From the perspective of the students, the project-based group work also received broad approval, although some of the students highlighted the additional workload included in the preparation of a published blog post, rather than a seminar paper read only by the teacher and a few colleagues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nSpotlighting the History of Contemporary Practices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Although not initially planned as a \u201cpandemic project\u201d, the website dronetv.lu offered a particularly suitable tool for teaching during an online-semester, providing the students with the opportunity to dig into a largely forgotten strand of television history, but also to gain experience with online-publishing. In addition, the topic itself greatly nourished our reflection on the current situation. Indeed, the growth of different forms of public health surveillance, but also the massive development of videoconferencing through platforms such as Zoom, and more broadly the use of audiovisual tools for learning and teaching are all linked to the histories of useful television we researched during our seminar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The contributions reunited on <em>dronetv.lu<\/em> spotlight the historical conditions and genealogies of contemporary practices with useful media, many of which we seldomly reflect upon. In a sense, then, the seminar responded to one of the calls by media scholars who highlighted the importance to \u201cto question current developments in teaching and learning as well as their medial conditions\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/mediarep.org\/handle\/doc\/15833\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bohnenkamp et al. 2020<\/a>). The use of Zoom for our meetings, but for instance also the non-use of public transportation (as one of the sites where CCTV surveillance is widespread) allowed to connect our daily experiences with the home office and pandemic related isolation with the seminar\u2019s research topic. Indeed, the COVID-19 pandemic has only reinforced the presence of closed-circuit images in our daily lives: bringing to the fore the predigital development of these current trends, the student projects intervene in ongoing debates related to questions of surveillance and privacy, learning at a distance, or telemedicine. Overall, the research on CCTV connects the history of an electronic medium with transformations we usually link to the so-called \u201cdigital revolution\u201d, producing new insights into the pasts of our digital present.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I wish to thank the C\u00b2DH, and in particular Andreas Fickers, Brigitte Melchior-Dolenc and Sofia Magalhaes for their support.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>A special thank also to all the students who have contributed to this project:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Daorsa Badivuku; Florian Bayer; Laura Br\u00fccker; Catherine Csebits; Paola D&#8217;Arcangelo; Jeffrey Gnehm; Seraina Julia Graf; Philipp Haller; Jonas Hochberg; G\u00f6k\u00e7e Kaya; Vanessa Klein; Viviane K\u00fcbler; Vera Leuenberger; Isabella Margjini; Michelle Meier; Samuel M\u00fcller; Melina Mundschin; Nicolas Neuenschwander; Flurina Sara Perrez; Lara Petralli; Eleonora Ponti; Emeline Samson; Martin Sch\u00e4ffler; Nathalie Schwab; Enis Shatrolli; Mia Carina Stauffacher; Gizem Topcuoglu; Gernot Vlcek; Remo Weber; Mathias Stefan Wey.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nCredits:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nAuthor(s)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"ulux-list\">\n<li class=\"ulux-list-item\">Anne-Katrin Weber<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dronetv.lu is a plurilingual platform on the history of military, industrial and educational television.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":252,"featured_media":8354,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"featured_image_focal_point":{"x":0.53,"y":0.41},"show_featured_caption":false,"ulux_newsletter_groups":"","uluxPostTitle":"","uluxPrePostTitle":"","_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false},"articles-category":[],"articles-topic":[403],"organisation":[221],"authorship":[252],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.3 (Yoast SEO v22.3) - 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