{"id":7116,"date":"2022-12-21T07:05:40","date_gmt":"2022-12-21T06:05:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/articles\/for-folks-like-me-on-the-job-from-9-to-5\/"},"modified":"2025-03-26T10:08:18","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T09:08:18","slug":"for-folks-like-me-on-the-job-from-9-to-5","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/articles\/for-folks-like-me-on-the-job-from-9-to-5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cFor folks like me on the job from 9 to 5\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-free-section section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\">\n<p><strong>A contribution on office culture by BUREU team member Marco Ninno.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The doors of a lift open and a storm of faceless women pour out and head to their desks. They effortlessly remove the cloths covering their typewriters and begin their working day. The camera moves to reveal an endless string of white-collar female workers. Soon the scene gets more chaotic. Folders are moved around, coffee is prepared, drawers packed with documents are slammed, there are images of telephones, workstations, early computers: an office safari!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As much as I would like to claim this as the first visual contribution to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/c2dh-en\/research-projects\/bureu\/\">BUR<\/a><a href=\"taxonomy\/term\/255\"><em>EU<\/em> research project<\/a>, what I have just described is actually the trailer for the iconic film <em>9 to 5<\/em> (1980). In this hit comedy, starring Lily Tomlin, Dolly Parton and Jane Fonda, director Colin Higgins follows three female office workers who kidnap their abusive boss and start a workplace revolution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While the entertainment value of the film is indisputable, I would argue that it is also useful as a narrative tool in a visual analysis of office planning techniques and managerial norms. Furthermore, it shows \u201cthe office\u201d as a microcosm of broader cultural and political phenomena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For political activist and women\u2019s rights advocate Jane Fonda, the office actually proved to be a key site for exposing women\u2019s everyday struggles. She had come across the reality of women\u2019s situations through real-life accounts of abuse and injustice from members of the <em>Association 9to5<\/em>, a movement that since 1973 has been fighting to empower women in the workplace.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image  object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/9to5_2_smaller.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/9to5_2_smaller-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/9to5_2_smaller-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/9to5_2_smaller-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/9to5_2_smaller.jpg 1200w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Still frame from Higgins, \u201c9 to 5\u201d (1980).        <\/p>\n    <\/figure>\n\n\n<p>As pointed out in <a href=\"node\/4246\">this blog\u2019s previous post<\/a>, office buildings are not simply \u201cneutral shells\u201d for political and administrative activities. In the case of the film, they prove to be spaces for political action and women\u2019s liberation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once the boss has been kidnapped, the women \u2013 who in the first part of the film are shown struggling with the office design and rules \u2013 end up gradually appropriating the space by changing it in order to reflect the \u201cnew order\u201d and break away from gendered managerial practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, at first, personal items such as plants, pictures or any kind of office decor are not allowed because the office should not look cluttered or sloppy. As the floor supervisor proudly explains: \u201cAn office that looks efficient is efficient!\u201d In reaction, the first resolution of the \u201cnew administration\u201d is to allow all these personal objects to be seen. As they gain control of the office, the working space comes to reflect their own values and desires. In line with what Varda Wasserman (<em>The Gendered Aesthetics of the Physical Environment<\/em>, 2019) has identified as women workers\u2019 need to appropriate the male-controlled and male-conceived office space, the employees in 9 to 5 turn it into a place of their own. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"alignfull wp-block-unilux-blocks-gallery-carousel\">\n    <div class=\"swiper swiper-gallery\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"A gallery of images\">\n        <!-- Swiper button Next & Prev -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-nav__container\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-nav__grid\">\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-left \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-left\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- swiper slides -->\n        <ul class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n            \n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/still_frame_9to5.png\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Still frame from Higgins, \u201c9 to 5\u201d (1980).        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/still_frame_9to5_ii.png\"\n                    style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: contain; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Still frame from Higgins, \u201c9 to 5\u201d (1980).        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>        <\/ul>\n\n        <!-- Swiper pagination -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-pagination\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-pagination__bullets\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<p>Another example of space appropriation is directly related to office planning. Although the office floor is initially planned based on a traditional large \u201copen\u201d typing pool layout \u2013 complete with grey, aseptic furniture \u2013, the situation is completely different when the boss returns. Workstations are positioned \u201corganically\u201d across the office floor and desks are separated from one another with small partitions and plants. The layout seems to come straight out of the sketchbook of the Quickborner team. Established in 1958 by Wolfgang and Eberhard Schnelle, the Quickborner consultancy firm created the revolutionary \u201coffice landscape\u201d concept (<em>B\u00fcrolandschaft<\/em>). The bright colours and design of the furniture, moreover, recall another influential innovation in office design: Robert Propst\u2019s Action Office equipment, designed for the Herman Miller company during the 1960s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Both the <em>B\u00fcrolandschaft<\/em> and the Action Office design were conceived to challenge the traditional Taylorist approach to office space organisation and its concept of efficiency. However, the new approaches from the 1960s eventually degenerated into the rigorous multitude of cubicles so typical of modern offices. The very flexibility of these innovations buckled under the weight of the profit motive, with company owners choosing to maximise profits by cramming as many workers as possible into a limited space.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image  object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/office_interior.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/office_interior-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/office_interior-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/office_interior-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/office_interior.jpg 1531w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            The German office planning company Quickborner created this office interior for the Stadtwerke Karlsruhe, 1975-1977.        <\/p>\n    <\/figure>\n\n\n<p>Interestingly, the film also explores the legitimacy of these spatial choices in relation to efficiency. The closing scenes see the chairman of the company coming to check out the office premises, since the company actually achieved a 20% rise in productivity during the period in which the women had taken over.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As argued, the film proves the validity of offices as an example of \u201clived space\u201d. A notion originally introduced by Henri Lefebvre in <em>The Production of Space<\/em> (1974), a \u201clived space\u201d is one in which users, through their everyday practices and relationships, actively shape the space for their own use, in contrast with the abstraction of the \u201cconceived space\u201d of corporate management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This notion of offices as a space for organisational practices and identities will be instrumental for BUREU as it aims to tackle European integration from a new angle. I argue that by exploring offices we will gain access to the lived space of Europe, the Europe of everyday life, or, as Florian Greiner put it, \u201c<em>l\u2019Europe v\u00e9cue<\/em>\u201d (<em>Reconsidering Europeanization Ideas and Practices<\/em>, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image  object-fit--contain\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/ndg-061_01.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/ndg-061_01-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/ndg-061_01-722x1024.jpg 722w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/ndg-061_01-768x1089.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/03\/ndg-061_01.jpg 900w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: contain; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 3\/4; object-fit: contain; width: 50%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Poster on gender equality at work (undated). European Commission Equal Opportunities Unit, Directorate-General Personnel and Administration. (Nicola di Gioia\u2019s Collection, Historical Archives of The European Union, https:\/\/archives.eui.eu\/en\/fonds\/460416?item=NDG)        <\/p>\n    <\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nFurther reading and visual references<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Alvesson, Mats, and Yvonne Due Billing. \u201cGender and Organization: Towards a Differentiated Understanding.\u201d <em>Organization Studies <\/em>13, no. 1 (January 1992): 73\u2013103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alvesson, Mats, and Hugh Willmott. <em>Studying Management Critically<\/em>. 1 Oliver\u2019s Yard,&nbsp;55 City Road,&nbsp;London&nbsp;EC1Y 1SP&nbsp;United Kingdom: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bell, Elizabeth, and Linda C. Forbes. \u201cOffice Folklore in the Academic Paperwork Empire: The Interstitial Space of Gendered (Con)Texts.\u201d <em>Text and Performance Quarterly<\/em> 14, no. 3 (July 1994): 181\u201396.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Duffy, Francis. <em>The Responsible Workplace: The Redesign of Work and Offices<\/em>. Oxford [UK]; Boston: Butterworth Architecture in association with Estates Gazette, 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fayol, Henri. <em>General and Industrial Management<\/em>. Mansfield Centre, CT., New York: Martino Publishing\u202f; Pittman Publishing Corp., 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gallo, Fernanda, Florian Greiner, Peter Pichler, and Jan Vermeiren, eds. <em>Reconsidering Europeanization: Ideas and Practices of (Dis-)Integrating Europe since the Nineteenth Century<\/em>. De Gruyter, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lefebvre, Henri. <em>The Production of Space<\/em>. Oxford, OX, UK; Cambridge, Mass., USA: Blackwell, 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Panayiotou, Alexia. \u201cSpacing Gender, Gendering Space: A Radical \u2018Strong Plot\u2019 in Film.\u201d Management Learning 46, no. 4 (September 2015): 427\u201343.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pile, John. <em>Open Office Planning \u2013 A Handbook for Interior Designers and Architects<\/em>. Whitney Library of Design, 1978.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reinhold, Martin. <em>The Organizational Complex: Architecture, Media, and Corporate Space<\/em>. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rendell, Jane, Barbara Penner, and Iain Borden. <em>Gender Space Architecture: An Interdisciplinary Introduction<\/em>. London: Routledge, 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Saval, Nikil. Cubed:<em> A Secret History of the Workplace.<\/em> Doubleday, 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thompson, Paul, and Chris Warhurst, eds.<em> Workplaces of the Future<\/em>. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wasserman, Varda. \u201cThe Gendered Aesthetics of the Physical Environment of Work.\u201d In<em> Organizational Behaviour and the Physical Environment<\/em>, edited by Oluremi B. Ayoko and Neal M. Ashkanasy, 1st ed., 185\u201399. Routledge, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/qni6HOyPNBA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/qni6HOyPNBA<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/feature\/9-to-5-turns-35-and-its-still-radical-today-50499\/2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/feature\/9-to-5-turns-35-and-its-still-radical-today-50499\/2\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/stories-55089013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/stories-55089013<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"    >\nAbout the author<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Marco Ninno<\/strong> completed his Bachelor\u2019s degree in History at Ca\u2019 Foscari University of Venice, spending part of his period of study at University College London. He obtained a Master\u2019s degree in International and Global History at Aarhus University, graduating with a thesis on the cultural memory of Italian fascism. In June 2022 he started his doctoral research at KU Leuven under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Martin Kohlrausch. In the context of the BUREU research project, he investigates which design choices were made in relation to the interiors of EU office buildings in Brussels.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A contribution on office culture by BUREU team member Marco Ninno.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6953,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"featured_image_focal_point":[],"show_featured_caption":false,"ulux_newsletter_groups":"","uluxPostTitle":"","uluxPrePostTitle":"","_trash_the_other_posts":false,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false},"articles-category":[],"articles-topic":[411,419,427],"organisation":[221],"authorship":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.3 (Yoast SEO v22.3) - 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